Interrelationship Between Hospitality And Travel Organisations Tourism Essay

Interrelationship Between Hospitality And Travel Organisations hinderanceis crusade EssayThe cordial reception sector is angiotensin converting enzyme of the closely important aid providers for the international buy the farm and touristry industry. It includes solely told subscriber linees which accommodate tourists and getlers when travelling to hammerer(a) destinations. They atomic number 18 an integral part of the over any experience, and must live up to the weatherards which argon expected by knobele and those which ar groom by the industry.Modern websites much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Trip Advisor overly set standards bandstandd on battalions evaluations of their personal experiences. These evaluations ar viewed by capability clients from completely over the universe of discourse, and digest influence their choice of hotel, motel, or any separatewise fitting provider or supply establishment.Task 1- Investigate the hospitality sector. al poorance providersHotelsGenerally, when tourists arrive at their final destination their main enkindle is to check into their hotel room and unwind, especially after sequence of days of travel. It is in that respectfore crucial that guests be treated with ut nearly c atomic number 18, as they whitethorn be tired and perchance irritated after their trip. Hotels inwardly the Euro z genius typically hold 1-5 sense impression evaluations which opine on the role, scale of measurement, and the number of amenities and servings which atomic number 18 tined. Hotel ratings external the EU argon non limited to five stars, much(prenominal) as the ultra hedonistic 7 star Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai.Accommodation is a essential component in packet boat spends. Tourists whitethorn choose for bud bring on packages which include base 1 to 3 star accommodation, whilst others whitethorn take for higher priced packages pleading 4 to 5 star accommodation. When opting for luxurious accommodation, guests may spend a good proportion of their time at the hotel or resort to hold full use of the amenities which are be theatreed. Guests would expect to be pampered throughout their stay, particularly for the price beingness paid. If bothers are encountered, they would expect a rapid response and immediate implement to be taken. 5 star establishments unremarkably cranny 24 hour receptionist and concierge work, valet parking for guests who perk up rented their own cars, as well as 24 hour maid, maintenance, and room service. One would likewise expect to exact an in-room mini bar and safe, personal care products, high speed Wi-Fi access, wash work, gym, spa and a product line centre, to name a a few(prenominal).4 and 3 star hotels twirl much of a comfort equal ambience than a luxurious one, whilst 2 and 1 star hotels maintain basic, yet discase accommodation, and are more(prenominal)(prenominal) suited for plenty who aim to spend ne arly of their time outdoors. Rooms are simple, but include a garble television, and an en suite bathroom.In general however, as the star rating decreases, the facilities and operate overly decrease in number, and mayhap in quality. Although thither may be genuine hiccups in the operate rendered due to forgiving variability, cleanliness locoweed non suffer the like fate. Strict health regulations should be abided by and implement by health authorities on a regular bum to ensure that hotel wheeler dealers are giving enough brilliance to cleanliness. Cleanliness is so of the essence(p) that Trip Advisor features it as one of the main categories which can be rated together with service, location, rooms, sleep quality and value for bidds. Guests can to a fault bum up their cleanliness claims with candid photos.However, hotel amenities and operate ofttimes do take issue from country to country, as well as from defect to brand, even within the same destination. As with a ll companies, it is ultimately up to the race caterpillar tread the establishments to live up to their star ratings, or more appropriately in todays markets, exceed them.Motels and guest stick outsA motel is essentially a small hotel which is specifically designed for motorway travellers. They originated in the United States when motor trips were becoming the norm. afterwards a day of travelling, state undeni subject a convenient put in to spend the night before getting back on the road. Currently, one of the al most(prenominal) popular motel chains is Motel 6, which has more than 1000 establishments in magnetic north America and Canada, and is run by the international Accor Hotels host.Similarly to motels, guest houses also provide a relatively affordable alternative to other accommodation. However, unalike motels, guesthouses offer accommodation on a bed and breakfast basis, where the house owners would nominate a simple homemade breakfast for their guests. Some travell ers specifically opt for themed guesthouses, such as those which are said to be haunted. encamp parks, caravanning and lodgesCamping parks and lodges give citizenry the opportunity to enjoy personality and the outdoors, an military action which is becoming increasingly rare as people tele scream themselves with technology. Caravans and family sized motor vehicles are most commonly used by groups of friends or family members for camping trips.Lodges are typically open in braky areas, mountain turn overs, or ski resorts, and vary in quality, ranging from relatively basic to more upscale accommodation. They may take the form of a group of cabins with common facilities or as solitary cabins with dedicated facilities, which are all popular options for family trips, or romantic getaways.Self-provide apartmentsSelf supply apartments dumbfound plough popular as they offer abundanter flexibility, even though there is striations the need to alter and clean. They also offer more of a homely ambience than motels or hotels as they consist of a kitchen, spiritedness room, and dine area. Renting an apartment may really well retain clients money, especially if they plan to spend most of the time outdoors. The high standing tourist may rent a luxurious villa for a few days and hire their own butler, whilst the average family may find to cook for themselves and enjoy spending their hard earned money elsewhere. canvas shipsCruise ships originally catered for the wealthy, however as costs were scorned and spick-and-span craft strategies were created, they are now more affordable to the average income earner. Companies commonly offer long-haul to short-haul cruises, slightly of which are all inclusive and others such as easyCruise which requires patrons to pay as they go. One would usually find a vast natural selection of high quality solid foods on board, mostly in buffet form. ply providersCatering is pleasuredamental to the triumph of the tourism an d hospitality industries. It is so of the essence(p) that catering outlets can be found in masterminds ranging from city centres and hotels to boats, trains and airlines.RestaurantsThe card, music, ambience and pricing are the most crucial factors in determining which eating place to choose. There are restaurants which cater for different requirements, ranging from affordable takeouts to high shape and exclusive establishments. Restaurants form an integral part of a tourists holiday, some(prenominal) of whom would trounce the same restaurant day after day if it is to their liking, whilst others may decide to experience a different restaurant for each one day.Chain restaurants offer tourists a sense of financial security. Tourists know that McDonalds in Portugal lead offer the same products as McDonalds in the United Kingdom. On the other blow over, when it comes to non-chain restaurants it tends to be less simple. Tourists would frequently visit restaurants based on recom mendations made by the staff at the concierge of their hotel, from topical anesthetics, or Trip advisor. Generally one would usually find catering establishments to suit all tastes and pockets. If a destination receives high, medium, and low spenders, because there must be establishments which cater specifically for them.The croak restaurants in the world are usually Michelin accredited, which is possibly the most high-flown of all international restaurant awards. A restaurant can train a maximum of three Michelin stars, supposeing that it is almost faultless in terms of service, food quality and the overall ambience.CafesCafes used to specialise in hot beverages such as teas and coffees. However, they stick out unquestionable to a great extent since then and now offer a variety of sharpnesss and food offerings. As cafes make up in popularity, they tend to add more to their menu to increase their client base. Cafes are becoming so popular that McDonalds now has its very ow n McCafe, which was established to possibly compete with the likes of Starbucks or other international cafes.Outside cateringHospitality caterers are of great importance for major events such as conferences, after parties and exhibitions, which pass people from all over the world. It is up to the organisers to ensure that all of the participants are prepared to together with deliver an unforgettable and unparalleled experience. 5 star hotels are usually chosen for large events as they can afford to come over wear balances mingled with quality and price than other lower rated hotels or catering establishments.Theatres, motion-picture showsand shopping difficultes.Going to the cinema or theatre is often non complete without a snack or a beverage. It has become utilization to have something to eat or drink when watching your favourite select or play. Most cinemas have their very own snack bars, which allot beverages and snacks such as popcorn and nachos. In Portugal for inst ance, the major shopping complexes such as Vasco Da Gama, Colombo shopping centre, and Cascais Shopping in the capital of Portugal area have their own cinemas in-house. Located proper(ip) next to the cinema entrances one would find countless catering establishments ranging from cafes to fine dining.Motorway service stationMotorway service stations throughout the world offer dining options for motorway travellers, most of which have simple cafes which also offer snacks. However, some motorway service stations do offer establishments such as McDonalds for instance. Motorway restaurants have proven immensely popular, especially for people travelling long distances on major highways.Rail and ferry cateringRailway passengers usually have limited or no catering amenities onboard. Costs leave behind undoubtedly be high and the range of items available for consumption would be limited due to the lack of musculus quadriceps femoris on board. Ferries on the other hand are much larger and have a lot more space to comfortably empennage patrons. A number of dining areas can be provided onboard, however cafes and snack bars are still the most operable.In-flight cateringSpace on an aircraft is even more limited, so meals are usually reduced to 2 kinds of dishes on passenger planes. AirMalta for instance has for the past several yrs authorize Corinthia Hotels International as their official provider of in-flight food. Food portions are often small and specially packed to protect the food from pressure buildup. The meals are pre-heated and stored in small compartments in the kitchen area of the aircraft. First sectionalization flyers do sometimes have the option to select their own meal, but these services are obviously reflected in the high fares.Task 2- Explain the interrelationship in the midst of hospitality, and travel and tourism organisationsHospitality organisations are some of the most central service providers to the travel and tourism industry. Whether for leisure or for credit line, people do spend a strong amount of time at their hotel, particularly if it is of a luxury status. Guests would understandably want to reap the emoluments offered by their hotel, particularly for the premium prices paid.Package holidaysThe role of hospitality in package holidays is very significant. Hotels which are included in package holidays ultimately depend on the price paid for the package. If someone opts for a budget package, then one would not expect 5 star accommodation, but more realistically some form of 3 star or possibly 4 star accommodation. Popular holiday packages are often view purchased, so customers would gain from good hotel range and airline ticket prices. Hotels also have special agreements with individual travel agents, offering special order to their companies in return for a guaranteed flow of customers from their end.Customers may opt for accommodation on room only basis, bed and breakfast, half board, or more rarely, full board basis. Travel agent representatives regularly check up on their clients at their hotel to ensure that they are having a pleasant time. They also discuss any problems that they have been experiencing throughout the duration of their stay, and get them grouped accordingly.All inclusive packages are also available but do not offer customers the flexibility of other packages. Such packages would include everything that is needed for the whole stay such as meals, beverages, hotel, tours, and all other requirements. Customers who opt for these packages would usually spend most of their time within the resort as most of their activities would be based there.AviationThe Airline industrys success depends very much on accommodation availability. Airlines may lose out on line of merchandise if hotels are at full capacity. This is a serious problem for airlines flying to small destinations such as Malta, as there have been instances where all hotels on the island were fully booked. Major airlines must therefore lose it situations regarding bed availability, and choose flight times and days accordingly.Hospitality is also present onboard airlines in the form of catering, as well as dormancy arrangements. Budget airlines offer food and beverages at extra cost, whilst higher class airlines often offer all inclusive food and beverages, even to those paying for economy seating. Some ultra luxurious airlines even have reclining position which turn into beds, as well as silver service dining and a centrally situated bar, where customers can choose what to eat and drink. logical argument travelBusiness people specifically opt for hotels which are fitted out(p) with the necessary facilities to work comfortably. They search for hotels with business centres, Wifi or pipeline internet access, meeting rooms and conference areas, as well as other services such as 24 hour washing and dry cleaning. They may also try to fit in some time for leisure, particularly in bet ween meetings, where they would either spend time by the pool, at the spa, or out and about. However, due to the nature of business travel this is not always possible.The same goes for catering establishments. Business people opt for some of the best restaurants in order to impress business associates or clients. They make use of the money supplied to them by their companies, so they can afford to choose high class restaurants to ac participation their luxury accommodation.globalization has brought about a ontogenesis need for business related travel, and this will undoubtedly grow even further as destinations become more connected. Budget airlines have also made business travel a lot more affordable to companies, however, some companies call back that flying business class would keep their reputation intact. Business class was essentially developed for business people who required space to work.Emerging destinations such as India and China are becoming hotspots for business trave l, and international companies from somewhat the world are quested in setting up branches there. Their industries are growing faster than any other, and accredited companies do not wish to set down out on any opportunities to increase their market donation and profitability.Conferences and exhibitionsConferences and exhibitions are also crucial for national and international travel and tourism industries. For instance, between the 29th of overbearing and the 4th of September, Malta welcomed its largest ever conference, hosting 5000 delegates who were invited to the per year Oriflame conference, each of which stayed at 4 and 5 star hotels. In total, 8 million Euros were injected into the local economy, mostly through accommodation costs. Outside caterers, mainly from hotels, were chosen to prepare food for all of the delegates. Conference attendees are often hosted at the hotel at which the event is taking place.Exhibitions offer consumers the possibility to view products or s ervices before purchasing them. The International Tourism Bourse (ITB) is an international exhibition which attracts exhibitors from or so the world. Companies, organisations and NTOs showcase their new offerings and concepts to other people from the field. Such events attract thousands of people from around the world, benefitting numerous hotels in the events perimeter.Visitor tendernesssA visitor attraction is anything which gets people talking or that is of interest to visitors, tourists and others. Attractions may take the form of manmade creations such as museums and theme parks, or natural attractions such as natural parks. On the other hand, some sites happen to be of interest to people simply because of the activities taking place there, and not because the actual place hosting the event is of any interest.Theme parks are possibly the most popular visitor attractions, collectively seeing millions of visitors on a yearly basis. Disneyland happens to be one of the worlds mos t popular flagship attractions, and can be found in the United States, France, Japan and China.Most theme parks house their own restaurants and cafes, where families can enjoy a meal and then get back to having fun. However, Disneyland Paris goes a few steps further by having two hotels at the resort, which often feature in package holidays and are immensely popular.Task3- Describe consolidation within the hospitality industry integrating first gained popularity in the 1900s, when businesses focused on reaching economies of scale, through which they were able to benefit from lower operating costs. When companies provide their own products or services through in-house efforts, outsourcing is no longer required, therefore saving the community money in the long run. Through such integration companies are also able to increase their global presence and increase their market share. tumid integration steep integration is a process through which a telephoner buys another company in the distribution chain, or enters a merger agreement. This is primarily done to tap profitability and benefit from lower operating costs. It is traditionally characterised by forward, backwards and lateral integration.One of the most followed and well documented episodes of vertical integration was that of the Carnegie Steel manufacturing company in the United States. It had complete control over the distribution chain including the smoothing iron mines, steel mills, railroads, coal mines and the ovens required to form the steel. The company placed economies of scale at the top of its agenda, and even focused on having people accomplished internally rather than employing outsiders.Barriers to entry will develop, limiting arguing in the marketplace. Companies may gain control of suppliers such as accommodation and transfer providers to further limit potential competition. If monopolistic behaviour develops through full(a) scale integration, government agencies will interfere and se t re unbendingions because competition is fundamental for improving quality in the services industry.Forward vertical integration is a process through which a company merges with another company further along in the distribution chain. For instance, a hotel chain may decide to buy its own travel agency or tour operator in order to expand into other markets. Hotels often strike agreements with travel agents and tour operators, providing special room rates and offers for clients brought to them.Backward Vertical integration is when a company purchases one of its suppliers and makes proper use of its inputs for the benefit of the organisation. A tour operator may purchase an airline company or a hotel, as they are both suppliers of services which are crucial to the package industry. TUI AG has over the course of its development created the TUI Hotels and Resorts brand, which owns and runs hotel brands such as Robinson, Magic life, Iberotel, Grecotel, Riu and Grupotel, totaling 243 hote ls around the world. It has recently embarked on an entirely new project for the company, the first TUI branded hotel. The TUI Hotel Kaluga has 136 luxury rooms and 74 apartments, and is targeted specifically at business people.Lateral integration on the other hand requires the merger of two organisations which may have in straight off related products and services however they need not be in direct competition with one another. The three types of vertical integration give a drumhead of possible strategies which may be adopted as companies often make use of different variants of these strategies.Horizontal integrationHorizontal integration is important for companies which want to expand their customer base, benefit from economies of scale and above all, maximise profitability. It occurs when a company purchases or merges with a company at the same stage of the distribution chain. A fitting example of this occurred last August when Hilton hotels international purchased a hotel at th e Walt Disney World Resort for 92,202,465.Toyota, Peugeot and Citroen recently make a consortium for the production of their 107, C1 and Aygo automobiles, which are all based on the same shared platform, engines and hardware. The three companies shared their knowledge and resources to achieve a common goal. Although this example is not directly related to the hospitality industry, these cars have helped car rental companies increase their sales by a significant margin in Europe because tourists find them affordable to rent, environmentally friendly, reliable, and fun to drive.Horizontal integration can also be complementary in nature as op staged to competitive. Airlines often work closely with hotel chains, reaping some of the benefits which are offered by mergers without the actual risks. Such relationships are visible in the choice of airlines made by hotels for their airline miles schemes. Airlines gather data from hotels to try and make their flight schedules correspond with a ccommodation availability however this is not always possible due to the dynamism and complexity of the hospitality and travel industries. To avoid disap itemment, the majority of tourists book their accommodation beforehand to ensure that they have their rooms available upon arrival.Implications of integration on the hospitality sector.BrandingA Brand name alone may conjure up certain feelings or emotions related to personal experiences with the brand. As with all industries, the success of the tourism industry depends on the stigmatisation techniques adopted by all the signalize players, and how well they can deliver their messages to target markets. It is crucial that clients are able to associate themselves with such brands, and vice versa. Brands often aim to make their leal customers see their products or services as an extension of their personality or character. For instance, if a group of business people check in to the Sheraton true pine Cliffs hotel in the Algarve, the y would expect the same check-in procedures, business amenities and lucullan luxuries as any other Sheraton hotel. Anything different for the money paid would often be unacceptable.Just like Sheraton, Westin also belongs to Starwood Hotels and Resorts. It is an upscale brand which caters for all sorts of clients who are after luxurious accommodation. It has top class amenities for business people, and all the luxuries that couples would expect for that romantic getaway. It also happens to be the most family orientated brand within the Starwood group, offering facilities where children can play under ceaseless supervision. The animation team at the Westin Dragonara Resort in Malta often organises activities during the day, such as Sony play station tournaments for teenagers, or interactive games and other fun activities for children. Westin hotels around the world also have a childrens check-in point at reception to make them feel as important as their accompanying adults. All of t he above concepts are an integral part of the companys branding strategy. Coupled with other factors, children may use their positive experiences to influence their parents into tour that same hotel time and time again.Market control and integration between larger organisationsSome of the UKs major tour operators have purchased hotels overseas to increase their global presence and profitability. By doing so, they are able to control their hotel rates to their advantage, possibly bringing more affordable packages to their clients whilst increasing their sales. Although this kind of activity is beneficial to the company, it can be detrimental to smaller companies in the industry. consolidation between large organisations undoubtedly poses a threat to smaller organisations, and it is ineluctable that employees and their families will suffer as the larger organisations take over. Although often unfortunate, travel and tourism essentially depends on the survival of the fittest, the com panies which are able to offer the best balance between quality, quantity and value for money.In certain instances, the growth of the Internet is limiting the potential of forward integration, particularly when it comes to holiday packages. It has thrown some travel agents out of business, as they did not have the necessary funds to shift their physical operations to virtual platforms. The morning of dynamic packaging was also a major threat to these companies, so much so that UK tour operators are in the process of shutting down retail outlets to focus more on internet selling. Although potential clients will benefit from lower costs over the internet, this can pose a grave threat to society as thousands of people may suffer from unemployment.Direct selling over the internet is widely industrious by hotels that have their own online booking systems. This makes the reservations process a lot simpler, cheaper, and less time consuming for potential guests, as well as for hotels. How ever, a reservations team is still required for those bookings which are made directly with the hotel over the phone or at the front desk. Some people feel more comfortable making physical payments because they may not wish to provide their personal details over the internet. Or they may simply enjoy the military man interaction.Increased globalisationAfter a company expands successfully in its destination of origin, overseas markets are often next in line. globalisation is the result of a collection of expansions, which can be analysed from an internal and external perspective. A company will plaque internal globalisation whereby its employees from around the world will develop relationships with one another. External globalisation is when team members interact with clients from all over the world. loving net work websites also allow for such communication to occur. Companies often create their own accounts on websites such as Facebook and Twitter, through which team members an d loyal clients from around the world can join in and engage in discussions.Globalisation has also made way for a drastic reduction in trade barriers, particularly within the European Union. EU countries often benefit from lower priced products and services when trade occurs within the Euro zone. This benefits accommodation and catering providers to a great extent, particularly when purchasing in bulk.Starwood Hotels and Resorts WorldwideStarwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide is undoubtedly one of the most powerful international hotel and leisure chains. It has had tremendous success through its integration projects over the last years. In the year 2005 it acquired the Le Meridien brand and its entire portfolio, which amounted to 130 hotels and resorts internationally. This acquisition has increased Starwoods customer base to a great extent with ultra chic properties in Africa, Europe, the philia East as well as the Asian Pacific, and umpteen more to come.Starwoods preferred guest programme has also benefitted Le Meridiens loyal guests as they have access to over 700 destinations as a result of the takeover. Mr. Steven J. Heyer, who at the time occupied the position of CEO at Starwood, believed that the acquisition of Le Meridien was a very exciting development for the Starwood brand.Le Meridien hotels are located in destinations where Starwood had little to no presence prior to the takeover. The Le Meridien brand provided the company with another exciting project to accompany their recent aloft hotel brand. Since Starwoods takeover, The Le Meridien brand has been progressing steadily with widespread improvements in revenues and growth. Le Meridien Balluta in Malta happens to be one of Maltas top five 5 stars properties, and it is steadily working its way up. It began operations in the year 2004, just one year prior to the brands takeover by Starwood.Impacts of integrationEconomies of scale and market shareOperating costs can be reduced significantly when com panies integrate. If a tour operator takes over a hotel, the cost associated with enduement would be high, however the benefits reaped by offering a wider variety of products or services can be seen immediately. In this case, integration would allow the tour operator to reduce its dependency on other accommodation providers as most operations can be taken care of within company parameters.The more reputable hotels the tour operator is willing and able to invest in, the more beneficial it will be from an operating cost stand point. The tour operator may lower the costs of its packages and pass the benefits onto the consumers. With the right strategies in place, market share will increase and profitability will be maximised. Through horizontal integration, companies can extend their existing client base, whilst through vertical integration companies can enter new markets and attract an entirely different customer base.StandardisationStandardisation is a complex and time consuming pro cess, particularly in an industry which involves so many variables. Automated processes can most certainly be standardised, however it is a lot more difficult to standardise the human element, albeit not being impossible. For instance, McDonalds restaurants throughout the world have had their processes standardised. Whichever destination one visits, the procedures which employees follow are near identical, and the same goes for the food. The company tends to be highly efficient, time oriented, certain and controlling over its processes and workforce.Standardisation can be possible in hotels, however it is limited. The way in which a telephone operator answers the phone can be standardised, and so can the way in which guests are greeted upon check-in. Variability will always be an issue, as the different departments within a company are run by different personnel, who each have their own standards and ways of dealing with situations.QualityIt is not guaranteed that quality will impr ove through integration. As always, it depends on how variable the human element is. If a hotel is taken over by another, it does not mean that the new owner will have a better climb towards improving quality. Employees may not get along with their new bosses because they believe that the approach being adopted towards improving quality is not feasible or practical, therefore making the risk of error greater.It is therefore crucial that the management of any organisation does not opt for a strict top-down bureaucracy. Management must listen to what employees have to say because they are the people who