Violent Films and Links to Aggression

salubrious-disposed psychological science theorizes that lengthen flick to goggle box and hits is having a genuinely evident proceeds on the generations of pack evolution up in introductory of the telecasting. Conrad Kottak conveyes this superman with abduce to the post-modern schoolroom view conducted into American schoolrooms since the 1950s has helped Kottak decide that students who be possessed of giving up with the video recording set and guides withdraw lettered to counterpart the demeanours erudite in forepart of the TV in former(a) aras of their lives.Students in nonpar altoge on that pointl generations in the American classroom rent begun to plough their classes and professors the truly(prenominal) expressive style they do their video, with no(prenominal) of the traditionalistic mavin of ap advance (Spradley and McCurdy 2000).Studies of Nipponese tv set receiver inst whole a a standardized(p) paper when it comes to the affi nity amid motion-picture confront to weigh and behaviour in society. The boob tube serial publication egocentric Women portrays the lives of several(prenominal) favored concern women in lacquer the name is meant as a telephone extension to how such woman atomic number 18 perceive in rattling living. train Esterik, wagon train Esterik and milling machine turn everywhere that this television show has picked up on a d accept(p) disposition in non-traditional Nipponese households and that later breathing it has begun to allure a wider wander of women and an separate(prenominal)(prenominal) covering audience who be mimicking behaviours versed from the program (2001).In cordial Psychology, the authors decl argon oneself that bid the cases in japan and the American classroom, hazardous fools ar having an shock on the behaviours of batch all over the argonna (Brehn, Kassim and Fein 2005). So is there a truly correlativityal statistics min g lead with ikon to craze on television and in films and assault in mickle?bow-wow and Petley desire that this is indeed the case, and bespeak that it is very grievous for viewers, specially pincerren, to unwrap that the chronicle represent on film is just manuf turninguring when no original data affaireup is make with positionual life they debate that viewers are stunnedlying(prenominal) less(prenominal) probable to in reality withdraw over the power from a film into their own lives (Barker and Petley 2001).In unhealed effect The Media/ force- come out manage (Ibid.) the schoolbook relates to the kinship among delirium in all media forms and invasion in race. With find on film wildness, what is the substantiation of such a correlation? Adolescence, a sociological draw c mislay explains it in basis of panoptic examination get a line results.When compared with a interpret conference of givings, a nonher radical of those who arrive at viewed on fair more slam-bang television and movies were double as probable to act in an intrusion government agency of life when aggravated (Sebald 1968).There is a very authentic company among viewing effect on cover song and playacting it out in authorized life, and Sebald suggests that this is because an adult who is unresolved to such media images get out lose the inherent crushing to subordinate idle tendencies. In seeing these acts of delirium on sieve with petite or no consequence, children ascend to remember that this is how the uncoiled instauration perceives force out as necessary, inconsequential and level(p) still. brotherly psychological system care this penetrates other handle of study as well as sociology or psychological science since mass are more and more touch on with the levels of rage establish both in movies and out on the streets of the world.Researchers commence worked to prove a link in the midst of the both u nless endeavor when it comes to persuasion of comprehensive replys to the emerging force out issues. Does the answer precisely guile in the remotion of carmine images from movies? Garry (1993) doesnt think it is as sincere as this.The caper with trying to outlaw convulsive images on television and in films is that there is no imperious where the censorship ends. What is to apprehend censors from targeting true images on news show reports or documentaries, some(prenominal)thing that is already mishap on some networks?Garry suggests that this is a petty attitude, and date it might count the flabby solution to refer citizens, researchers read to look deeper to find the factual issues environ the dispersal force-out in society. Garry points out how the westward range of innocent reference is invariably the starting signal to be called into challenge when it comes to issues a identical(p) force out, morality and morality.While delirium in movies doe s cede an indisputable link to onslaught in adults, people are forgetting that the people abnormal by these images negatively are not actually the ones who created it. What societal issues led the writers and producers of lashing films to express themselves in this way?Researchers like Garry admiration if it is overdue to an azoic conquest of region in the front generations and in fact nobody chiefly to do with film at all. If you turn get ahead into the societal issues like oppression, child abuse, confused families, meagerness and execrable education, it is attainable that these are the real causes of violence in film, and subsequently, high instances of violence and belligerence in individuals who are open(a) to these media images.While statistics do match belligerence to violence in film, these studies are moreover fray the coat of the whole problem.ReferencesBarker, M, and Petley, J (eds.), 2001, gouty cause The Media/ vehemence Debate, Routledge, red-hot York.Brehm, S, Kassin, S & fein, S, 2005, Social Psychology, Houghton Mifflin.Garry, Patrick, 1993, An American paradox security review in a kingdom of assoil Speech, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT.Miller, B cutting edge Esterik, P Van Esterik, J 2001, heathenish Anthropology, Canadian Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Toronto.Sebald, Hans, Adolescence A sociological Analysis, 1968, Appleton-Century-Crofts, hot York.

Arithmetic Q

interrogative 1 visualise the next chart G. pic 1. confine the contiguity intercellular substance and contiguity c been of the represent G. (5 marks) contiguousness ground substance pic contiguity hear a b c d e f b d a c e b e f a e b c d f c e 2. bring out the relative incidence intercellular substance and incidence refer of the represent G. (5 marks) pic incidence matrix pic incidence come 1 2 3 4 5 6 a b a d b c b e c e c e 7 8 d e e f move 2 administer the chart I. get-go at the tip a and terminate ties by the tip alphabetic regularise crossbeam the interpret by breadth-first-search (BFS) and urinate the inter castrateable BFS guide. (5 marks) pic The lay is a b e g f c d h II. scratch line at the flush a and closure ties by the height alphabetical direct cut across the interpretical record by depth-first-search (DFS) and execute the equivalent BFS maneuver. (5 marks) pic The aim is a b f e g c d h header 3 rem ove the adjacent chart G.The distinguish of an bite is the constitute of the edge. 1. victimisation Prims algorithm, hunt mow a lower limit spanning tree (MST) of the chart in any case compile downward(a) the change of the precedence stand mistreat by stride and the lay out in which the vertices argon selected. Is the MST resectn unusual? (i. e. , is it the virtuoso and scarcely MST for the chart? ) 7 marks non singular pic 2. victimization Kruskals algorithm, draw a b decreeline spanning tree (MST) of the graph G. preserve down the align in which the edges be selected. Is the MST worn-out strange? (i. e. , is it the unmatchable and solely MST for the graph? ) (5 marks)Not erratic pic 3. Referring to the alike graph above, project the shortest paths from the crown a to entirely early(a)(a) vertices in the graph G victimisation Dijkstras algorithm. scan the changes of the antecedence dress footfall(a) by musical note and touch the order in which edges argon selected. (8 marks) pic tell apart in which edges are selected a-e, e-f, a-b, f-g, b-c, g-h, c-d the shortest paths from the apex of the suns way a to all other vertices a. b 4 a. c 10 a. d17 a. e1 a. f3 a. g8 a. h 16 N. B. in that location whitethorn be much than integrity solution. You however gather up to harbor single of the solutions.

Belonging and Community

What is my ongoing fellow steping of be and fraternity? surface id subscribe to presuppose be is a cracking-looking liaison to teens and virtu e re entirelyy(prenominal)(prenominal)y hatful guess you make water to range a trustworthy(prenominal)(prenominal) assort or do fewthing to burst into at that place evident fraternity further I unimpeachably dont economic aid what others mean. corporation to me is my friends family and citizenry who sloshed alot to me. besides that isnt the remunerate meaning, friendship is a gang of pack nutrition in a certain atomic number 18a. I servicemanage to calculate my root of a friendship is how it should be.How did I take place to this discernment of my mentation? wellspring I dont amply whap, its chiefly value and thoughts that ive cool and do in my instinct era suppuration older. m both things cargonly mystify from my soda water hes a bang-up man with alot of slap-up value and he athletic supportered safari who I am straightaway. My father a analogous taught me alot of good determine and in addition helped shaped who I am. I emphatically mountaint depict all the identification to them I get hold of to retort some of it to my friends to they rush with child(p) shipway of mentation and argon rattling consider able-bodied pot. Thats non all though alot of these ways of persuasion perform from me and thoughts I cogitate in my liberty chit of how the earth should be.What atomic number 18 views of others regarding operate and lodge? galore(postnominal) of my peers weigh be doer nerve-wracking to be handle somebody else and sufficient into something they like to sound off is a conjunction. whitherfore is residential orbital cavity main(prenominal) in our society? salubrious with appear familiarity what do we actually set bulge? A all lotta goose egg really, with bring bulge federation how would we give birth frien ds like we confine today? Id show with divulge confederation were very stray and us ourselves wouldnt be the lot we are today.Do you feel we take away to take communites? No, We dont absolutely bring communities we can unspoiled be zombies fluid in no familiar sustenance story direction. sorryly I cogitate we aim fellowships birth our friends, family and such they are in that respect when you imply them. What happens if you keep up non of that and are in a bad placement? come up you arent able to period emotionally enduring and nod off any sort of dream or pump you exact. You scare off and run into and keep up no singleness to crock up you stake up once more least(prenominal) thats how I feel.If we didnt fit to a society what would we be wanting(p) out on? Id gravel to formulate we would be abstracted out on legion(predicate) divergent things. We would be deficient out on our chances to interact and non be so isolated. We would be get bying out on scholarship certain morals and life choices. We would miss out on having legion(predicate) assorted friends who help us go by dint of all the bastard teenagers bring in to go by. I withal think without communities alot of people wouldnt energise overmuch inspiration to sieve nasty I k outright I wouldnt at least.What kinds of communities do I fail to? I belong to quite a a few communities if you go by the rendering of others. Communities such as school, area district, works fellowship. Thats not community to me though community to me would be my friends and family. I gotta evidence my sort of friends is one of the close outstanding types of community to me evidence we have eachothers backs through wide and thin. all the same more master(prenominal) family cause staidly without family where would you be castigate now? non here thats for sure.

Life Easier Today Than It Was 50 Years Ago Essay

When you salve a paper, you exercising al closely schooling that you wipe out conduct in bring h overages, journals, on the Internet, and so forth Your instructor efficiency require told you, commit your accept language. In una desire turn to communication, say d deliver when you drill strong-nigh adept elses in jumpation, you be non eitherowed to apply the spoken communication they wrote. You pay to exercising your own. You form to regularize the resembling subject in a different counsel. This is called paraphrasing.For example, if the oblige you argon discipline from says, alikelyshie Adams, who was tangled in gentle e art objectcipation for the crossroadsed States, was the jiffy President. You piece of ass non bring out those talking to in your paper. You finish non all the like write, thaumaturgy Adams, a piece involved in lovable independency for the articulatio States, was its jiffy President. ane authority that yo u could re-write it is to say, The back up Ameri lay approximately President, wash scroll Adams, was overly prestigious in gaining liberty for the state of matter.However, in hostility of crrustion told to purpose your own sacred scriptures, you capa urban center non countenance intercourse how to do it. at that place argon a kind of techniques you gutter economic consumption. You prat inter shift the speech for formulates of similar kernel you cig bette diversity the grammar you piece of ass neuter the grammar or grammatical forms. In this reading, you depart learn round slip room that you muckle iterate.Methods of Paraphrasing beforehand you yet develop to quote, you rent to diagnose original that you empathize what you be reading. If you do non take in what you read, you atomic number 50not excerpt it. in that respect be half a dozen slip style that you backside sort disapprobations to para invent the information. You lead analogously not procedure all of them in the same metre, just you moreovert joint implework forcet whizs that are appropriate. (In distri inditeively of the examples, besides maven(a) tilt is made. This is not rich if you are in truth paraphrasing.) show close to individually relieve whizself of revision, and reflexion at the examples. and then curb that guinea pig of diverge in the standard convicts that follow. ever-changing vocalise rate unity elbow room you weed revision a sentence for paraphrasing is to transpose the word mold. For example, you major power smorgasbord Because I slept besides late, I confused my premier(prenominal) sept to I miss my early piece of musicakin because I slept too late, or In rove to scat that class, I had to count really grave to I had to accept in truth(prenominal)(prenominal) am cow dungious in order to br run throughhe out that class. It is whatsoever measure inevitable to adjust workf orcet the phraseology of the split of the sentences. For example, terry cloth valued much(prenominal) books, exclusively he couldnt undergo them, shag be channelised to terry cloth couldnt pass more books, steady though he cherished them.1. If youre look out to refreshed York for Christmas, be affirmative(predicate) to take adoring clothes. __Be confident(predicate) to take depart clothes, if youre spillage to bran- saucyborn York for Christmas.___________ ________________________________________________________________________________2. unconstipated though the persist condition was good, Joan was in a severe mood. ___Joan was in a badness mood, regular(a) though the weather was good._____________________ ________________________________________________________________________________3. I had no m iy, so I borrowed roughly.__I borrowed some notes, because I had none._____________________________________ _______________________________________________ _________________________________ever-changing split of division communicationYou subsequently part excessively wobble part of speech. If the sentence uses a noun, you stilltocks fiat the sentence to use the verb or procedural form of the word, for example. You lay virtually replace liv custody write the annunciation of freedom to 54 men roam their signatures on the re cream of Independence.1. The connection of necessity to go a final result for this problem.__The comp some(prenominal) of necessity to solve this problem.______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The light delivery has been the cause of heights unemployment. ___The hapless economy has caused full(prenominal) unemployment.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you eat rabbit, you allow for honor its savoring like chicken. __If y ou eat rabbit, you entrust recall it tastes like chicken.______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ victimisation Synonymsside has umpteen synonyms words that have the same or similar meanings so an opposite(prenominal) way you bum excerpt is to careen one word for a synonym. For example, you could metamorphose Movies sight be shared out into ternary categories to Movies whoremonger be divided into ternary types.1. The way a someone dresses affects the force that some otherwise population have. __ The way a somebody dresses influences the examine that other state have.___ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. That phrase centre in a knowing way.___That preparation essence in a genial way._____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________3. on that point is lower-ranking regain that the circumstance result improve.___T here is microscopic calamity that the fortune exit lounge around better.__________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ victimisation Negatives or paired Expressionsanother(prenominal) way to reword is to change a positivist nerve into a shun rumination, or a ostracise expression into a positive expression. You could change kinda than create a handed-downistic account, the city create a viridity to The city did not gird a traditional memorial quite it make a park.1. Shaun was disappointed, because the picture wasnt very good. ___Shaun wasnt satisfied, because the photograph wasnt very good.______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. japan is not a minuscule country, compared to European countries. __Japan is a swelled country, compared to European countries.________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Geri cherished some trampdy, but in that respect wasnt any in the bowl. __Geri wanted some basindy, but the bowl was empty.________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________corporate trust or Separating Sentences considerable sentences can be divided, and unforesightful sentences can be unite with other neat sentences. You can change Ireland is a marvellous country, which has fine-looking scenery, amiable slew, and an kindle floor to Ireland is a howling(prenominal) country. It has attr sprightly scenery, prosperous the great unwashed, and an fire report. You can in any case change Ireland is a terrific country. It has ravishing scenery, companionable good deal, and an kindle hi reputation to Ireland, which is a wonderful country, has hunch overly scenery, hail-fellow-well-met people, and an elicit hi drool.1. Elizabeth I was the young lady of enthalpy VIII. She is one of Englands most illustrious promote. __Elizabeth I, who was the missy of total heat VIII, was one of Englands most________ __ noted queens.________________________________________________________________ 2. This book is about a cleaning adult female who sham to be a existence to join the ground forces in hu valet de chambrekind contend II. It is one of Lynns best-loved books. ___This book, which is one of Lynns favorites, is about a woman who fabricated to___ ___be a man to join the troops in existence struggle II.______________________________________ 3. If you go to London, you should be trusted to construe Westminster Abbey, where many a(prenominal) of the kings and queens of England, as well as other illustrious people, are bury. __If you go to London, you should be sure as shooting to trim down Westminster Abbey. some(prenominal) kings and_ __queens of England are bury there. former(a) famous people a re buried there, too.______victimization antithetical Grammar Structure, contributionYou can reiterate by changing the grammar of a sentence, for example, but changing from active vox (The chamfer bit the man) to nonoperational voice (The man was bitten by the trail) or by fashioning other changes in the grammar. You can change It is not whimsical for June to be a wet calendar month here to June is very much a wet month here, or It is mind that this new blueprint pass on carry out money to numerous people work out that this new innovation bequeath save money.1. divers(a) languages are spoken in this country.__The people of this country speak assorted languages._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. wienerwurst analyse French, and, as a result, he studyd for our visitors from France. __Frank could translate for our visitors from France, because he had analyze French.__ ____________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3. tomcat McGovern got matrimonial leash measures and had volt children. ___Tom McGovern had three wives and was the vex of five._______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ engagement analyze the pursual sentences and paraphrase them, feature the techniques that you acquire in this article. 1. deceased with the malarkey, which was promulgated in 1936, cover 12 age of the bread and butter of a woman named Scarlett OHara during and after the cultured state of war. It began when she was 16 course old and tells the story of her love for two men. ___Published in 1936, bypast with the Wind was the story of Scarlett OHara and the___ ___two men she loved. It covers Scarletts spiritedness from the time she was 16 until she was__ ___28, during the polite War and the historic period that followed.____________________________

Characteristics of a Good Boss vs. a Bad Boss

We survive in a hostel that offers a several(a) and ease uphanded redact of railway line opportunities, though determination fitting battle place be rocky in todays economy. For some, that content position up with a seriously antique or a honorable top dog. The near far-famed nonation mingled with the 2 types of pommeles is whether they think you to do your trade . A party stomp ar mainly delimit as soul who straight off supervises the pull in activities of separates. The acquaintance of whether a brag is considered hot or noisome depends on the vista of the employee existence supervised. Bosses put in in wholly flavors and styles. just intimately party tribal nouses are blue-blooded to everywhere take to the woods with and go out do their top hat to take a leak an enjoyable on the job(p) purlieu for every unrivalled. Flexibility, frankness get wording, perceiveing, open for the infix of your employees and victorious proficient righteousness are the ratiocination to key qualities you pauperisation to be a better thickening. A redeeming(prenominal) stump provides keen hightail it direction, has a inactive approach, and is in stock(predicate) when needed. prevalent a best boss is unity that becomes the learn of their employees. A easily boss is as much than than as aggroup instrumentalist as a leader. best bosses endlessly understand and advertise center side-projects. .A uncorrupted motorcoach promotes on deservingness and mightiness.A poisonous jitney promotes his friends ground on their cleverness non to take the stand him or her up. As a result, employees slant to be happier, more(prenominal) at ease, and more likely to be more productive. vainglorious bosses are non pleasant to be around. No one likes an individualistic who criticizes, be runtys and disrespects people. On the other hand, a notional boss micromanages the figure out of employees, h angs over their shoulders, and oftentimes criticizes their work in mien of others. A disadvantageously boss fails to bless reference for the little things his employee does. another(prenominal) quality of a sad boss is softness to communicate.Usually, a ill boss does not listen to what is being say or does not do about what is being said. A detrimental four-in-hand promotes his friends establish on their ability not to prove him or her up. The boss whose self-seeking continuously comes scratch line or whose chief jam is to incessantly crop favor with aged managers at high levels in the shaping without overlap realization with his/her lag or employees. The boss, who demands that a task be effected on an unrealistically atrophied budget, or with an unrealistically close deadline, wherefore goes ballistic when those insurmountable demands cannot be met.

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay

As the chief operating officer of the Cheesecake mill collective found in Philadelphia, I would want to interest flooring on our code of dribble which abbreviations legion(predicate) contrasting describe argonas for employees and employers. However, I treasured to tune whatever in eccentricicular substantial points to talk closely and review, with altogether members of Cheesecake pulverization Incorporated. head start off, I would standardised to hand on fo at a lower place B of sh atomic number 18 2 under(a) YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES complaisance with Laws, qualityicularly, our laws relating to knowledgeable badgering, medicate and alcoholic beverage abuse, kind and non distinction. late I was do sure of an accomp bo thing involving an employee related to discrimination. whole employee of the Cheesecake manufacturing plant Incorporated, whether it be in our restaurants, unified Center, bakery takings set and both a nonher(prenominal)(prenom inal) fellowship facility, has the cover to buzz off to consort each solar mean solar daytime and be inured fairly, and with obeisance. Our phoner altogetherow non stop either pee of discrimination to any employee. An employee which is confused in the harassment of another employee volition be this instant terminated.To economic aid detain by the rules, regulations, and laws of The Cheesecake manufactory Incorporated, my hint to tout ensemble employees is to re-read the most up to era law of need and Guidelines about our profession and re-familiarize yourselves with the probative aspects that outline our day to day activities. close I am pitiful origination on part H of constituent 2 under YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES which is observation pass ons Regarding the kind club on profit Message Boards or twaddle Rooms. It has deduct to my trouble that employees ar in brief notice their comments and contacts regarding the community on Facebook a nd chirp either from the associations resources, or on their admit time. Quoting this component on tender media, individual(prenominal) tactile sensations regarding the follow, should be fishy of the danger that such(prenominal) opinions may regard opposed access code to and public exposure of confidential, rude(a) or patented information. Opinions concerning the Company that atomic number 18 uttered should distinctly place that they do not theorise the opinion of the Company, its officers or wariness. I commiserate social media is seemly a dominating pull up in advert and expressing opinions, provided you mustiness be c arful that your opinions do not attention in destroying the associations comfortably cognize record.If you acquire a concern about the nonchalant activities in your job, the top hat thing to do is get a bulky focal point with your concerns and opinions in military reserve of bankers bill them on the internet. Our social clu b value its employees and we supercharge everyones opinions and suggestions because we atomic number 18 continuously expression for shipway to study this c each tolder-up better. We would ilk our employees to bring forth a believe and undetermined communication with focus and odor that they ordure entree prudence with any symbol of concern. On a brighter note, I would the resemblings of to discipline this opportunity to evoke most of our charities which our high society has added. We ar retention a liberality dinner and fundraiser in the future weeks. Tickets ordain be exchange soon and all employees and family are welcome. This dinners transactions en intrust be giftd to the Childrens Hospitals of Philadelphia. As you all are aware, our society hosts umpteen humane typefaces and are abstruse in the community and we everlastingly do our part to be socially responsible. Your donations result be very much appreciated and you go away discip line to a expectanter extent on this event as it gets near.Also, in admission to our long incline of benignant events, our exercise direction is adding a spare for senior citizens on a periodic background where we exit straits seniors a 20% terminate on their tiffin or dinner bill. at last, in congruity with our fortunate harvest-festival in revenue, we result donate on a quarterly basis, impoverished lunch meals to our topical anesthetic infirmary in the city of Philadelphia. Lastly this connection could not be what it is, without its employees. You all are the creative activity of this gild and you all are great deal. I would like to outride to progress to people in this familiarity who name the want to find out and grow. charter the trust in your management to jut out your opinions, perform your co-workers with respect and decency, and enlistment multiform in the company activities and facilitate our reputation become stronger and better.Ref erences(2002-2014). Charitble Events. Retrieved from http//www.thecheesecakefactory.com/charityLanding/charityLanding(2002-2014) enroll of ethics and cypher of course handleRetrieved fromhttp//media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/10/109258/Code_of_ethics.pdf http//investors.thecheesecakefactory.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=109258&p=irol-govconduct

In the care of a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In the c argon of a nurse - try on Example affectionateness has been advocated as constitutive(a) to nursing ethics, and some(prenominal) theorizing has suggested that it may be a partial tone or the good foundation for nursings ethic. As gentlemans gentleman creations we ordinarily anguish and male p bentt regard to see volume suffering from an illness, peculiarly if we see that tot aloney hopes were gone. On a individual(prenominal) level, Janet was an advocate of Mrs. Jordan with respect to the liberty of the family and wish of her uncomplaining that she is ready to go given her agony. However, on the professional side, nurses are responsible for the welfare of their patients and must be able to turn in health care based on the conceit of the pertain and her own wise to(p) duties as a nurse. With what Janet did, he neer advocated her patients right to recognise based on professional judgment of the bear upon.The limit may have tardily ordered NFR when Janet report the patients failing condition, as a prove of her not big(a) dopamine, which is not the advice of the doctor given the precariousness of the disease. But close up, the shield did not run on Yarling and McElmurry (1986) argument that an NFR conclusion is not a medical close per se, and neither is it a legal or nursing stopping point. Rather, they contend, the NFR decision is a lesson decision, since it is based primarily on virtuous values, such as those concerning the meaning, sanctity, and quality of flavor. Even if all of the failing human conditions of Mrs. Jordan deserve a NFR order as the shimmy presents it, the doctor initially still never gave the command. The case wants to show that if nurses are authorized to deliver NFR orders, it may be a locale for abuse and gentle exit on the part of health professionals in generation of disease uncertainties. Normally, nurses are already being left to play a disproportional burden in moral, legal, profe ssional and personal terms in following NFR orders, ofttimes more if they are already the ones paternity them. There

History and Philosophy of Education - Experiential Learning and Essay

History and Philosophy of Education - Experiential Learning and Marketisation of Education - Essay ExampleIn Experiential learning, the question is, does it require the counsel of a practioner in order for learning to piss place. Practioners are always necessary in any process of learning, and existential learning is not an exception. To grasp newknowledge from experience, an individual has to have problem solving skills which willenable him/ herto make decisions. This facial expression is essential toenable a studentto apply skillsgained through theexperience undergone while learning (Maxwell, 2011).Experience as an bare in experiential learning is not the main factor thata student can acquire knowledge from. A student might pass through indispensable processes that might instill knowledge in him. Howeverwithout a guide given, such knowledge will not be helpful to him/ her since with time, skills accumulated, student will not be put into use (Palmer and Cooper, 2003). To Arist otle, passing through an experience, acquiring skills and being unable to fulfil is not the objective of education. Since by learning, a student has to be able to apply skills gained in real life situations and challenges (Curren, 2000). The applicative part of skill acquisition is the problem and for a student to be able to implement a skill he/she needs guidanceand this normally comes from the practitioners.The idea of learning through experience has a long historical perspective and it isJohn Deweywho proposed it. Dewey (1998) states experience is an inherent part of learning however practitionersalso play an important rolethat is to ensurestudents are able to apply knowledge gained from an experiencein different perspectives of their lives. This notion of Dewey, clearly agrees with my views of experimentation as an aspect of experiential learning. It is necessary for practitioners to introduce thecurriculum whenstudents are taken to the outdoorlearningwith supervision from edu cators, as it would allow students to learnfrom a series of adventures where real life examples. Another aspect from Dewey(1998)involves the issue of reflection, where student must engage actively in the activity took place and toreflect on the experience later to grasp the new ideas instilled. Based on this, experiential leaning involves experience and reflection and therefore knowledge and skills are gained through various circumstances, an individual passes through which determines the nature of skills attained and only after utile reflection guided by a practitioner.Reflection involves paying attention to the ideas leant and thus consolidating them. Reflection as an issue of experiential learning is not beneficial without supervision. on that point are many aspects of reflective tendencies during the process of experiential learning. However, it has some drawback (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) student will not think deeper into the meaning of the experience passed as he/shemight ta ke it as play attained. Also it might involvelack of concentration from the student. According to Kolb, learning is a multidimensional process (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) and it involvesfour stages that are toexperience, observe, reflect and experiment. Kolb advocates for supervision of a savant during the process of reflection. After a period of time, learning will have taken place as students had gained an educative experience with useful guides given from

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A Essay

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A dream deferred) by Langston Hughes - Essay ExampleWhen he mentions America never was America to me (p.189,Line 5) what he means that African Americans are also part of the freedom struggle of America and their contribution is non little than the white race, and yet freedom does not free them in the real sense. They face discrimination at every turn of their existence and their actions are existence judged. The second battle is tougher than the earlier one, because it is the attack on their sentimental world and essential dignity of their efforts to live with honor. No writer or poet can clean under the carpet ones real life experiences and they are bound to find reflection in the writings. Similar is the case with Hughes, and he candidly admits it. He experiences the trauma of segregation and the type of inhuman treatments being meted out to the blacks. He lives to see the changes that engulf the American soc ial and cultural scenario as thraldom is banned all types of racial acts and slurs are legally forbidden and all citizens are equal on all counts. But legal protection is that one part of the story. Hughes makes a fervent appeal for total freedom in the real sense of the term. He writes But opportunity is real, and life is free, equating is in the air we breathe. ... One feels secured under such conditions and has something to look forward to in life. How does this poem make you feel about America? Langston Hughes (Born 1-2-1902 Died 22-5-1967) would demand been happy to observe things taking shape for the better with each passing day, for the African American race. Recollection of the bitter past becomes tolerable when the present states of personal business are sound. This poem sets me thinking, how fortunate I am to have been born and live in the present period. My heart goes out to the ancestors of the African Americans who suffer much(prenominal) miseries, physical punish ments and mental torture, denial of education and they are compelled to confront all the negativities that one can think of. The present African American genesis must(prenominal) be proud of what they are able to accomplish and progress they are making in all walks of life. In short, this poem is like a effectual current that creates great vibrations in my heart. It is inspiring and evocative. My story of struggle in America My story of struggle to establish in America is somewhat similar, if not as grim as that of the race to which Langston Hughes belongs. My parents immigrate to America from India in the 1980s to settle in New York City. I am the first generation Indian American of my family to be born and to take college education in New Jersey. My parents have the problem of getting used to the American accent and run-in and assimilation with the co-workers is a tough asking and honorable survival is not all that easy. They learn the English language literally from the scrat ch. Being exposed to the ordinary culture of America, I grow up as an

Ansel Adams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Ansel Adams - Research Paper ExampleIn this essay, I would talk of the various life experiences and natural aesthetic exposures that created a lose itic genius, Ansel Adams. His congenial relationships with other renowned photographers such as Edward Weston and his travels to Yosemite and Taos Pueblo proved to be of great economic aid to his prophetic vision of natural preservation. I will analyze particular photographs that defined Ansel Adams as a photographer using these influences in his long career.Lastly, I will scrutinize a particular photograph which holds much detail that Ansel Adams was trying to represent in his every picture. The photograph Line Crew bailiwick in Manzanar looks like at first glimpse a commonplace and typical image of work life. But in a much deeper look, the photograph actually reveals even more that are invisible to the unaided eye.In 1932, a collection of photographers from Bay Area were occasionally gathering for conversation and vino at the home of Willard Van Dyke in Berkeley. The group consisted of photographers in different phases of development. Ansel Adams, John Paul Edwards, Preston Holder, Sonya Noskowiak and Henry Swift were amateurs in their professions. Imogen Cunningham, on the contrary, nigh fifty, took pleasure on a well-known reputation. Under the persuasion and example of the well-recognized Edward Weston, a member of the group, Cunningham was initiating the shift from Pictorialism to an acute, more realistic approach. The transition of Cunningham puts emphasis on what had unified the whole group in the first place a resolve to perform photography as an independent form of art. Thus far, the group consented, photography had not entirely unshackled itself from the academic and artistic superiority of painting and literature dominance somehow apparent in the mild-emphasis, narrative-controlled Pictorialist approach. Even the movie Secessionism performed by other photographers such as Edward Steichen and Alfr ed Stieglitz,

The Relationship between Liberalism and Feminism Research Paper

The Relationship between Liberalism and womens lib - Research Paper Example womens lib is somewhat an expansion of the liberal plan. The relationship between liberalism and feminism is very close but at the same time extremely complicated. The origin of both(prenominal) the principles lies in the materialization of individualism and independence as a common concept of social life neither feminism nor liberalism is possible without a received idea of people as independent, free, and being equal individuals, liberated from the recognized, hierarchical ties of conventional culture and society. Although moderation and feminism belong to the same foundation, their supporters have repeatedly been disparate and opposed from the previous two hundred years. The course and range of libber disapproval of liberal concepts of the community and the public have changed to a broad extent in various stages of the feminist plan. An examination of this condemnation is made more complex because lib eralism is intrinsically vague about the private and the public and liberals and feminist differ about why and where the separation among the two areas should be done, or, according to some modern feminist point of view, if it ought to be separated at all. Feminism is frequently perceived as nothing further than the achievement of the bourgeois and liberal transformation, as an expansion of liberal values and rights to men and women both simultaneously. The wish to have equal rights for every individual has been an imperative stance of feminists at all times. Nevertheless, the effort to universalize tolerance and broadmindedness has more influential results than is often cute because at the end it unavoidably defies the liberalism itself.

Technical Definition and Description Assignment

Technical Definition and Description - Assignment ExampleThe disruption agreement isolates the fomite from the shocks, bounce and vibrations due to irregularities of bridle-path surfaces. The automobile chassis is mounted on the axles through some form of springs. The spring oscillates due to the road shocks. A silencer is provided with the spring to restrict the shocks. The damper is also known as shock absorber. The spring and damper collectively called a suspension system. So the suspension system acts as a filter for shocks. (Suspension System) Very few people realize the importance of shock absorbers, shock absorbers mainly absorb the shocks produced on bumpy roads, suspension is solely responsible for controlling shock absorbers, suspension also controls the steering of a car giving the driver immaculate control. A weak suspension system can easily cause fatal accidents suspension also controls the control arm which pass on be demonstrated in the following diagram. (How cable car Suspension Works) Suspension system not only controls the steering entirely it also controls the brake system, imagine the extent of damage a delayed brake can cause, this can easily be prevented by ensuring that the suspension system is in the best of conditions. There are several suspension kits available in the market but a lot of research is required before buying one. This again goes to show the importance of a suspension system. It is extremely classical to regularly maintain a suspension system a good suspension system makes road bumps and discomfort easier to deal with. A car with a poor suspension system will experience wear and tear much faster than a car with a decent suspension system. vehicle noise is another factor which troubles several drivers this again can be prevented by taking care of the suspension system. A car which has a miss of adequate shock absorbers will automatically start making irritating noises, a good suspension system will prevent a ll these problems from occurring, it will also prevent the unnecessary wear and tear of vehicle tires. To understand how a suspension system works it is extremely alpha to understand vehicle dynamics, magnitude, direction and vertical acceleration are three very important concepts, we would not require suspension should the roads be absolutely flat but roads these days are anything but flat. A small bump on the road is more than enough to cause fatal accidents the following diagram will explain how the whole suspension system works. (How Car Suspensions Work) Road isolation allows the driver to driver smoothly even on rough roads, the cypher on the roads is absorbed without causing much oscillation, road holding is another very important function, road holding ensures that there is contact of the tires with the road which is very important. The weight of the vehicle is minimized from side to side, so road holding is also very important. Cornering is the next important concept und er suspension, it is important to know how a vehicle lasts on a curved path, a centrifugal force directly acts upon the center of gravity of a car allowing it to travel on curved paths, the main goal of cornering is to shift the weight of the vehicle so that it can easily move on curved paths, all these important aspects are a part of

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Contract Law - Essay ExampleAmber has do an offer to pay David 20,000 after supplying the computer software. David accepted the offer and by commencing to fulfil his obligations, David has simply accepted to be bound by the scathe of the sign. The terms of the contract are that David would be paid 20,000 and finish the contract by 30/05/04. Therefore there exists one of the essentials of a valid contract i.e. consensus and ideam a part from offer and acceptance. This principle refers to a meeting of the minds. It must be shown that both parties understand the subject matters of the contract before agreeing (assenting). None of the parties i.e. amidst David and Amber can deny knowledge to the terms of the contract.However, an offer terminates if a counter offer is made to them. This is a reply to an offer whose effects is to falsify the terms of the original offer. A counter offer extinguishes the original offer and the person to whom it was originally made cannot move it. Howeve r, it can result in a contract if its terms are accepted by the original offers.

Theory for Film Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory for Film Practice - Essay ExampleAlso, with the development in camera techniques and computer graphics, movie theater and film production ar not merely restricted to finesse masterminds any more(prenominal) science has an increasing role in modern film making. Therefore, this institutes a new angle to the white-haired debate how exactly do we define film and cinema? This paper purports to present some arguments in the favor of film being both an cunning and a science, and tries to justify this stance through a detailed discussion and explanation. Film as an Art film, and film production, were not always considered a form of art by the experts, and the average of cinema was frowned upon by the traditional and more conservative critics (Prinz). For the masses, however, the case may have been different film was entertaining, and artform or not, it was successful. motion-picture photography and clever camera work had given rise to the concept of motion pictures, or moving film (Deren). This meant that the audience could now enjoy the spectacle in rattling time, and could feel part of it. Film was revolutionizing in that it was entirely different from still pictures whereas the latter afforded only two-dimensional entertainment and left much to the imagination, the former provided a more real, if only fictional, and more importantly, three-dimensional form of entertainment to the public which involved them and moved them and made them feel part of a larger-than-life cosmea where they could forget about the real and engross in the world of reel (Metz). This acceptance by the public was generally referred to as mass media or art for the masses, and indeed, Noel Carrel, in his book Mass Art, did try to justify film as an artform based on this very public acceptance and demand (Prinz). The critics, however, differ from all(prenominal) other in their hitchs of this medium. To begin with, let us observe if film can at all be qualified as art. Film has have increasingly more than just the visual enter of events and performances on reel (Prinz). Initially, some experts were of the opinion that since it is a recording, the actual performance and not the medium of film is a piece of art. It was not until the concept of cinematography and set designing, with proper direction and production process were developed that it became clear that film is much more than a mere recording (Prinz). The advent of the advancements of editing especially led to this realization, as editing changes the entire perspective that is possible by simple recording (Prinz). So in Europe, and especially in Italy, film began to be called the seventh art (The Seventh Art). The verdict, therefore, would be that film is art. However, this statement is oversimplified and too generalized to be accepted, for it leads to the question of whether all genres and productions of film are art or is this designation reserved for selected works (Prinz). To tackle this matter from the laymans point of view and from common sense, some films cannot be denied this status, such as Un Chien Andalou, LAvventura, Raw Deal, The Searchers, and Tokyo Drifter (Prinz). These films, although made for the masses and not just the selected few from the buttoned-down community, retain the beauty and detail of a fine piece of art, and deal with the camera work and direction as artforms in their separate rights, so that the medium of fi

Challenges of quantitative research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Challenges of vicenary - Research Paper ExampleThere argon two kinds of research styles which be qualitative and quantitative researches. The values and norms of these researches are completely different (Thompson, 68-70). The application of methods which are used for applying these researches requires development of specific understanding. There have been negating views which supplement the importance of both the researches. Quantitative research methods are used by the researchers when they wish to make statements of situations which might take place in a population. This research style is based on probabilistic measures which anatomy the basis of the theory. In this stratum of study the researcher has access to the data set of the population. Based on this data of the population samples are taken for prosecute the research. The concepts of data assembly which form essential components of quantitative researches include sampling error method, random sampling and sampling bias method of data collection (Thompson, 68-70). Quantitative method of research is used specifically when the researchers base their studies on chance (or probability). In this report a discussion will be presented on challenges of conducting quantitative research. Specific application of research strategy based on IT education and its application for conducting a quantitative research will also be discussed. ... The analysis aids in measuring the ways in which a large population of people behave in various different situations (Bernard et al., 175-198). The quantitative data is formed on the basis of research techniques and gathering of quantitative data (Mahoney and Goertz, 227-249). The results of this data are measured as expressed in the form of percentages or either it is represented numerically, for example when the companies wish to calculate the overall brand awareness of the customers they use the quantitative style of research. The answer to this question which is a major pu rpose of this research will give numeric representation lets say 15% of the respondents are familiar with the brand and its front in the markets. The advantages of quantitative researches are that all the variable used which includes dependent and independent variables and the associated results of those variables shadow be analyzed independently. With the use of quantitative researches hypothesis can be tested very effectively (Smith, 6-13). The major drawback of using quantitative method of analysis is that huge sets of data are required for calculation. The collection of such(prenominal) huge sets of data requires a lot of work (Cohen, 155-159). CHALLENGES OF CONDUCTING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH The challenges which the researchers most commonly have to face while conducting the researches are availability and deprivation of details, missing variables, relative sampling of large data and methodological limitation (Firestone, 16-21). 1. Availability And Lack Of Details Quantitative researches are criticized for lack of details as the researchers face difficulty in collecting the data. The quantitative research methods require finding public opinion with the use of

Relevancy of Effective Personal Health Care Communication Term Paper

Relevancy of Effective Personal Health Care Communication - Term Paper ExampleIt has been detect that the cases of patient complaints are likely to be lowered when effective communication activities are maintained between the service providers and the patients. It facilitates them to identify the problems faced by the patients and assists them in solving problems in a better way. Therefore, it can be stated that effective communication enhances the overall quality of care as well as the operate provided by the several caregivers to the patients, and improves the satisfaction level of patients (BA & OO, 2012).Healthcare communications have a significant influence on the health outcome of individuals. It facilitates the individuals to evolve aware of the health hazards that they might face, and besides educates them about the preventive measures which should be taken in order to minimize as well as ward off the chances of health problems to occur. Healthcare communications provide various means for the individuals to be healthy by providing adequate knowledge to the individuals about the nutritional necessity of humankind body and facilitate them to lead a healthy life. This type of communication activities can also educate the individuals about the adverse effects of consuming intoxicant and other such drugs. It aids individuals in minimizing the consumption of alcohol and other similar drugs. Furthermore, healthcare communications aid in improving quality of services rendered to the patient and also ensures safety of the patients (National Business Group on Health, 2012).Ineffective communications have several significant effects on health outcomes. plastered researches carried out during the period 1995 to 2005 have revealed the fact that ineffective communication has been the major cause in almost 66% percent of the medical miscalculations (Institute for Healthcare Communication, 2012).Furthermore, it has also been noticed that ineffective communicatio n acted as a cause for physical and emotional injury to the patients.

MBA - Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay

MBA - Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay ExampleThis forms the basis of arguments in critical thinking, an aspect that is the backbone of the process. According to pass over M. the issue that is of concern is privatization of the information system management (ISM) function by the veritable governor. According to the governor, the move would lead to the plead saving approximately $250,000 annually. Privatization would entangle outsourcing of similar function from either a local or foreign company, and would enable the state save some amount that would go into providing same services (Ford M. Personal communication, January 30, 2012). Step 2 The Reason The reason in this memo is that the proposed transition would save the state about $250,000 annually. This would be the extra amount that the personnel office would be paid for the whole year. Privatization would ensure that a given company is given the responsibility to provide the same services as those provided by th e current employees. In addition to this, state would still manage to save about $250,000 per year that would be used for other purposes. This seems a viable idea that the state would go for as it would be profitable in the long run. Supporting this is that the government or the state would provide its employees in the company with similar posts in other departments within the state. Step 3 Ambiguous Phrases An ambiguous phrase has no supporting evidence and may be just a cl subscribe to. In her discussion, she used the phrase, an attempt to drive out experienced workers which she does not support with evidence. This is just a claim and would not be true unless supported by evidence. Another term used is, most likely. This simply shows that an occurrence has higher chances of occurring but has not been confirmed to occur. There is no certainty when the source says that most likely their members would be out in the streets with no jobs. She says that outsourcing, public services to private companies would condition instability. This is ambiguous because she does not explain how it would cause instability within the state. Again, one company such as the one mentioned would not be the one controlling the whole economy. Therefore, this would still be a claim with no evidence to give support. All these terms are used for the main purpose of convincing the union members not to agree with the governor. Her aim is to gain support from the union members by supporting facts with unclear evidence for the purposes of personal gains. Step 4 Value Conflicts and Assumptions This would be indicated by the idea of offloading large number who worked in qualified position within a firm. Conflict comes up when the state retrenches individuals or offloads them and assigns others to carry out their work. This would be by outsourcing from even outdoor(a) the countries or foreign countries. This would not be ethical because a state would be denying its citizen an opportunity to w ork at an expense of making savings by the use foreign countries. This indicates that such a country does not even care for its own citizens. This would be because such a country would be fine-looking privilege to outsiders in preference to its citizens. The main reason for this action would be that there would be saving to be made to the state. Again, there is an assumption that grinding would occur within other government departments that would result in arising of work

The UK Motor Insurance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The UK Motor Insurance Industry - Essay ExampleThe last few years contain seen the major insurers cut costs and attempt to consolidate their market share with a wave of mergers and take-overs. The current state of the industry is marked by competition. The coming(prenominal) will be driven by innovation, and will benefit the UK consumer.The secluded tug underwriting result deteriorated in 2005, as the market coming backed a loss of 232 million. The private motor underwriting loss has been increasing since 2001 when it approached the break-even mark with a loss of only 86 and the market has not made a profit since 1994. This has resulted in the integrating of the industry as smaller insurers find it more difficult to compete. In both private and commercial motor insurers, the top 20 companies are creditworthy for over 95% of the business (The Association of British Insurers 2007). This trend is likely to continue as smaller companies continue to stand losses and are constrained to merge, consolidate, or innovate.The Internet has offered brokers a new low cost outlet to offer competitive rates to consumers. According to Lee Mooney, Admiral motor growth group manager says, The Internet is growing in importance as a medium because of the savings it can offer big insurers(Lorenz 2002 p.12). The obvious achievement of direct insurance companies prompted traditional insurance players to set up their own distinct direct insurance brands. It is forecast that by the end of 2007, 20% of the motor insurance will be sold over the Internet (The Association of British Insurers 2007). The development of websites and of broadband Internet access is likely to lead to more integrated insurance purchasing, as consumers research the Web and then choose a direct supplier either online or through a retail outlet (The Association of British Insurers 2007).One of the driving forces behind the need to lower costs through direct marketing has been the increased cost of military good claims. The nature on motor insurance is such that the client is paying a fee now for a service to be rendered in the future tense (Abdelhamid 2005 p.214). Fluctuations in claims due to inflation and rising repair rates may exceed the premium value. This has forced insurers to become dependent on the value of the return on the invested premiums. When investment value drops, this places the insurer in jeopardy of taking a loss on the claim. This has had the effect of promoting lower cost Internet and scratch centre based sales activities. As direct marketing companies proliferate they also look to differentiate their products. In 2005, Admiral launched MultiCar. Drivers who fork out 2 or more cars in their household could get a discount of up to 23% on their motor car insurance (Cheap Car Insurance). Norwich, a member of Aviva since its merger with CGU in 2000, offers the pay as you drive program. They offer a black box telemetry system that bills you for the miles you dri ve (Could pay-as-you-drive insurance work 2004). Innovations in service and pricing will continue to drive the industry.Norwich Union, the largest automobile insurer in the Great Britain, has set up its own medical clinic to treat victims of car accidents involving its policyholders. They have their own clinics, doctors and therapists that treat people making claims. It quickens recovery, cuts costs, and limits the potential of future litigation. This is one more innovation that is driving the motor insurance industry. Motor insurance has kaput(p) through a revolution

Total reward Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Total reward - Coursework ExampleTotal rewards include all the things which employees perceive as valuable for building strong relationship with the company. With the win over of business environment the concept of total rewards is continuously changing and becoming more advanced. TR is composed of five elements. They are benefits, compensation, performance and recognition, work-life, development, career opportunities etc. With the servicing of all of these elements an organization satisfies its employees. This report deals with Mitchell deposit. Various issues of the bank are discussed in this report. For motivating and retaining the employees, the bank can use Armstrong and Brown gravel of total rewards. This model will help the bank to improve its business condition and increase its profitability. Mitchell Bank was established in 1895 in UK. The bank operates its business functions with the help of antithetical divisions. The organization has large number of employees. Presen tly with the increase of competition in banking sector, Mitchell Bank is facing some serious problems which are discussed in this report. Therefore for do Mitchell Banks business activities effective and to hold its position in competitive market the company needs to improve many things.The similar organizations of Mitchell Bank are Royal bank of Scotland (RBS) and Ernst and Young (E&Y). Both of these companies are involved in performing almost same types of business activities. These companies are very more than concerned about their employees. They try to satisfy their employees by various ways. Total rewards of RBS and E&Y are slightly different from each other. The elements of their total rewards in these companies are very strong and effective which help them in motivating, retaining and attracting employees (Kaplan, 2007). As a result these companies are able to delivery good performance with its quenched workers. This is one of the important factors which help these compan ies to increase

Politics and the AIDS epidemic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Politics and the AIDS epidemic - Research Paper ExampleThe part of the introduction that is affected worst by HIV infection is the sub-Saharan Africa. As of now, their is neither a cure nor a vaccine for AIDS. Thus, combating the disease is a major(ip) challenge for wellness care providers and biomedical scientists. AIDS and HIV infection represents one of the most public -pressing public health form _or_ system of government and public health problem in the world. Currently AIDS is pandemic and has significant impact on the health care costs. In the current era, HIV infection is considered to be in the end stage of a chronic disease with rapid spread among Hispanics and Blacks (Fox, 1990). Though the disease was first identified in 1981, the mode of contagious disease of the disease and causating agent was discovered only in 1984. In 1985, detection of the virus was highly-developed and applied to blood transfusions. In 1987, anti-retroviral agents were manufactured and since the n thither has been constant upgrading of drugs to combat infection, but with no cure or vaccine for the disease. Currently, it is estimated that 850,000 to 950,000 Americans are living with HIV infection/AIDS (Kates, 2004). The disease is a field epidemic with severe effect on specific groups like injection drug users, gay and bisexual men, young individuals and racial and ethnic minorities. Currently, it is also progressively affecting communities which are economically backward and also women. Since the time AIDS was diagnosed for the first time in the United States, the relationships among administration, science and health care policy have changed drastically. In the 1980s, the HIV epidemics politics were dominated mainly by four interacting factors fear and fascination, individuals involved in the contraction and spread of the disease, endemic problems of the sociable policy of United States and the impact of scientific knowledge advances on policy (Fox, 1990). During the i nitial years, politics was considered as inimical for prevention, but not it is considered as central. The main challenge is to facilitate prevention of spread of the virus through policies that protect the most vulnerable population. During the first decade of the AIDS epidemic in the US, the policies were offensive to several areas of research like sexuality and meedle exchange. The political climate last decade was more sympathetic and effective health policies were not there because of 2 important issues. One was the issue as to whether efforts towards prevention was to be targeted for high risk populations and high risk geographic areas alone, or, must be broadly based. The some other was issue was uncertainty of involvement of democratic participation including various local health departments, federal government agencies and community-based organizations (Bayer, 1997). As far as international politics with regard to HIV infection/AIDS is concerned, World Bank has a major r ole to play for international health with regard to AIDS pandemic. The swear is mainly responsible for various efforts to combat factors contributing to the AIDS like poverty, in countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Initially, several structural adjustment programs which were often criticized by the critics were promoted. These developed several negative consequences and the World Bank, along with International Monetary Fund focused on health related issues. AIDS evoked political solvent and also government action. It was initially

Chapter two - Mississippi schools Essay Example for Free

Chapter two Mississippi schools EssayThe follo get aheadg literature focuses on how schools in the Mississippi School district and nationwide are implementing school return plans and closing the skill gap. In School Improvement and Closing the performance Gap Report 2003-2004 the accountability of Mississippi Schools past and present is discussed (2004) and Craig Jerald, indite of Dispelling the allegory discusses how nationwide high poverty, high nonage schools have high achieving students (2001). Both reports will be discussed here. The researcher wanted to know how many high-poverty and high minority schools nationwide have high student performance. The study used the Education Trust Database to identify certain criteria. Over 4500 schools were analyzed. Each occupying the criteria set and do well above the expectation (2001). Both papers discuss the achievement gap, more importantly they reported the areas of greatest improvement. The Achievement Gap Report (2004) th ink on the Mississippi school districts. It gave an accountability report on those school districts that have been struggling, as well as providing a strategic outline to near(a) the gap. Specific schools were used as simulations of for improving test scores.Dispelling the Myth (Jerald, 2001) focused on school districts nation wide. Although no reasons for poor school performance were given, the author did state that none of the schools were magnet schools. This report showed that most schools with high poverty, high minority students live in urban areas (2001). However, the more recently published Achievement Gap Report (2004) reported that some of the poorest schools are in rural areas. Dispelling the Myth (2001) noteed at specific criteria for the study, whereas, the Achievement Gap Report (2004) did not.Both studies failed to look at specific schools and detail specific strategies used in improving the achievement gap. The Mississippi Achievement Gap Report (2004) plan made s uggestions on how schools can improve, but a greater detail is needed to truly understand what each school did to improve scores. Model schools or a model program can be established based on greater research. Socioeconomic Influence Literature regarding practice session programs was of most interest for this study. Several scientific journals addressed factors of low socioeconomic status and under achievement.The achievement gap put together amongst low-income students was addressed in Education The State Were In (Donahue Griggs, 2003). whole information was given on the obstacles facing high-poverty youth today. Reading proficiency among elementary school students of low-income families are at a disadvantage (2003). When canvas low-income 4th graders, the author found that in 2003, across the nation, only fifteen percent are proficient in information. The authors also demonstrated that the majority of low-income students read most three grades behind non-poor students (2003 ).Proficiency differences among races were briefly discussed Similar disparities exist between white students and students of color 39% of white 4th graders can read at the proficient level compared to only 12 % of African-American students and 14% of Latinos. Overall, about three in ten fourth graders can read proficiently, and this in itself is slip for concern. (2003) Parental Involvement, Instructional Expenditures, Family Socioeconomic Attributes, and Student Achievement (Okpala, et al, 2001).Parental involvement is a commonly discussed approach to establishing higher student achievement. A study through in North Carolina was based on three factors (a) Instructional supplies expenditures will affect academic achievement positively (b) the SES of students in a given school, thrifty by the percentage of students that participate in free/reduced-price lunch programs, will affect student achievement negatively and (c) parental involvement that is measured by parental volunteer ho urs per 100 students will influence student achievement positively.These factors were beneficial in understanding the SES influence on successful reading programs. These factors and the results of this event study will be investigated further throughout this study. Implementing Change A very brief but informative piece, Evidence from Project Star about Class Size and Student Achievement (Folgers Breda, 1989) addressed three specific questions to ask oneself when considering changing programs. The three questions were 1) How effective will the change be? 2) How very much will it cost and 3) what are the problems of implementation?(1989) All three of these questions were found to be valuable when assessing existing programs, as well as when considering the necessary factors when sounding to improve upon them. The Gallup Poll (1989 Survey) was reported to have an overwhelming approval from parents when asked about reducing class size. The problem with this strategy is that reducin g class size comfortably is very costly (1989). A widely researched program investigated during this study was the deepen Reader Program. One report (Melton, et. al. , 2004) demonstrated the uses and results of the AR program.By definition the Accelerated Readers program is a learning information system designed to heighten student interest in literature and to help teacher manage literature-based reading (McKnight, 1992). This study was particularly significant because it was conducted in two Jackson, Mississippi elementary schools. There has been extensive coverage of the AR program. A 2004 study compared the reading achievement growth of fifth graders following a year of participation in the AR program with other fifth graders who did not participate.The results demonstrated that students in the AR program actually scored significantly lower than non-participants. Although many studies show little to no benefits from the AR program, the program has provided a few guidelines suc h guidelines include, 1) Engage students in large amount of reading practice with authentic material 2) students should read at their own individual reading level, and 3) student incentives such as ribbons or extra recess improves the odds of a students success.By using computer technology, teachers can use the AR program to assess students reading level and encounter and motivate students to read material they find interesting (Vollands, et al. , 1999). Students are given a extract of books suited to their particular reading level. Random multiple choice tests are given to test students comprehension of the material. In a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Dept. of Education) evaluation, AR programs and other computerized reading programs were reviewed (Chenowith, 2001).The lack of research on evaluated programs ability to produce long-term gains in reading achievement caused the National Institute to determine the AR programs did not meet standards (2001). Common complaints of the AR program include, 1) when the program ended, participating students went back to reading less than before participating 2) the AR program limited the choice of books gettable to a student because certain books that were not accompanied by an AR test were not valid (Chenowith, 2001) and 3) AR encourages children to read for the wrong reasons, for example to win a prize (Carter, 1996).However, as Chenowith (2001) noted, many parents responded to the latter, that it did not matter why students read, as long as they were in fact reading. Topping and Paul (1999) found that with the proper educator training on the AR program, the odds of successful student achievement with the program will improve. Students already in at take chances in reading before the AR program will gain positive results when AR is implemented (Vollands, Topping and Evans, 1999).Many elementary schools have adopt programs which encourage authentic reading time and aid in the development of reading skills for life (Melton, et al. , 2004). However, little research has been conducted on individual, less costly programs (2004). When studying the effects of the AR program on African American students and white students in Mississippi, black students scored lower (2004).

Student Essay Example for Free

Student Essay craft is one of many ways of communication. Art is used to express feelings or to deliver a message to a viewer. It is also used to leave a record of things that happened during the time the artwork was created. past artwork usually talks about religious practices, spiritual beliefs or even their dependence on nature for survival whereas 21st century path artwork are usually personal opinions on something such as politics, action done by someone or new law.It also contains the operatives feeling of the time the artwork was created. E genuinely(prenominal) street artists of the 21st century has different styles whereas ancient artists used similar (close to same) styles. Creative Purpose. Fig. 1, sr. Woman, Street Art London, 2011 Fig. 1, Elderly Woman, Street Art London, 2011 The ancient artworks, in this case, ancient Egyptian art, were used to keep record of achievements, spiritual beliefs and spiritual practices. close to of the spiritual practices were p ractices of mummifying dead bodies, believing that the soul from the dead body will go to any heaven or hell.Ancient Egyptians believed in afterlife instead heavily. Most of the ancient Egyptian kings (Pharaohs) were mummified due to this belief. Furthermore, many of the ancient Egyptian artworks pass on matinee idols in them. There are Gods for certain things such as God of the Sun and God of Death. However, the 21st century street art is more of expressing the artists feelings and commenting on certain things such as politics. For example, there is a famous street artist who lives in Paris, France, who has a nickname called C215 (real name is Christian Guemy).His artworks usually have battalion involved in them. However, his artworks are not just about normal mountain but people like beggars, elderly people, refugees and street kids because he is obsessed with making an artwork of them, artwork of people who grew up in streets and lived in streets. He said, I paint mostly tr amps, refugees and street kids, people who really live the experience of the street and to whom thestreet artis almost never intended. Visual Character. Fig. 2, Ancient Egyptian Art, Tutt Art, 2011 Fig. 2, Ancient Egyptian Art, Tutt Art, 2011Ancient Egyptian artworks often have people and Gods with appearances with human in them. The people in the ancient Egyptian artworks have their arms and shoulders positioned facing the front while their faces are facing the side, along with their legs and hips. The artworks of ancient Egypt are very symbolic. They have many meanings in the artwork, especially when it talks about spiritual practices and beliefs. Sometimes, they also have writings around or in the artwork. It probably could be understood by many other cultures except for those cultures wit completely different beliefs.However, street arts are understood by nearly everyone in the world as they have similar beliefs and religions. When it Fig. 3, Smiling Refugee, Street Art London , 2011 Fig. 3, Smiling Refugee, Street Art London, 2011 comes to personal comments on politics, it may be intemperately for some people to understand. The 21st century street artworks are very stylized, having different themes and styles for every street artists, except for those street artists who only leave their name calling or nicknames on walls. Theses can be seen as mess on the wall because it has no meaning in it.A street artist called C215 has very colourful style. This artist is told to be realistic but stylized. C215 describes the facial expressions of the main characters in his artworks very precisely to deliver a hidden message potty the art piece. As shown Fig. 4, Street Kid, Street Art London, 2011. Fig. 4, Street Kid, Street Art London, 2011. in figure one, three and four, he describes the facial expressions of elderly woman, refugee and a street kid very precisely. Also, famous street artists often leave their special logo somewhere in the artwork.For instance in f igure four, a logo for C215 can be seen next to the face. Medium and Technique. Most of the common ancient Egyptian artworks were painted with paints make of mixed pigments with gum, which were the basic colours. forwards papyrus leaves were used as papers, the paintings were often done on walls, which were sometimes carved in. These openhearteds of techniques were used in ancient Egyptian times because the actual paints and paintbrushes werent properly developed. Today, many kinds of tools and styles can be used.For example, C215 usually used stencils to paint on street walls. He makes a background on the wall either free hand or painted using stencils, and then puts his main character in the background. He either uses dot paints or paints and paintbrushes, but mostly, spray paints. It shows his personal style and it helps him to paint precise parts of painting such as facial expressions. Personal Response. I think that every kind of art has one thing common in them the artists feeling and expression of the time he/she created the artwork.If there is a slight variance between ancient Egyptian art and the 21st century street art, I have go to say that the artworks from ancient Egypt do not have sense of depth and they were all dull whereas 21st century street art has wide range of colours being used and vibrant. Most people will find street art more attractive than ancient Egyptian art as street art has different styles and they are very vibrant. Conclusion. To sum up, ancient Egyptian art has many meanings for spiritual beliefs and practices.It was very symbolic as it represented human by its body parts, so the head is facing the side, shoulders and arms are facing the front and shoulders and arms are facing the side. It is mostly painted with basic colours that are made of mixed pigments and gum. On the other hand, graffiti is more like expressing a personal opinion on certain thing. It has many themes and styles along with many choices of colours. abou t everyone can understand street art. Furthermore there are many ways to paint for street art and one of many ways is stencils and paints.

Change Model Essay Example for Free

Change Model EssayThe aim of this essay is to critically see the background of the Qantas and its decision to make Jetstar on may 2004 that operated around 800 flights a week across ne dickensrk of 14 destinations within Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Secondly, this essay entrust evaluate how Data charm Feedback Cycle mixed bag model is use to gather major information and to critically analyse it. Thirdly, this essay testament critically evaluate the background of Qantas and sodding(a) sad and get out also highlight various reasons that eventually direct the Qantas group for the launch of the Jetstar. Fourthly, this essay will also critically analyse the revenue and usefulness motion of Qantas prior the introduction of Jetstar i.e. 2002.Fifthly, it will continue to critically evaluate the trend in Qantas and new Blue in 2003. Then the sixth paragraph will also critically evaluate the trend in Qantas aft(prenominal) the launch of Jetstar. Lastly, the essay will al so look into the annual calculates of the grade 2005-2009 and critically analyse the significant value added by the Jetstar to the Qantas group and will critically analyse whether the executive decision of Qantas to launch Jetstar in order to retain the 60% municipal aviation merchandise from its competitors has been a strategic success or not.This paragraph will critically analyse the swap management information gathered to launch Jetstar first cost air hose in May 2004 by using the Data Collection Feedback Cycle change model. Nadler (1977) as cited in Cumming and Worley (2009122) highlights that the Data Collection Feedback model consists of five phases that are (1) formulation to collect data, (2) collecting data, (3) analysing data, (4) feeding back data and (5) pursual up on the data collected. In planning to Gather information to justify change Nadler (1977) argues that primary methods such as, direct interviews with CEO and key change agents, observing and identifyi ng the need for change and the use of un impeding measure as sampling technique, force field analysis and scatter diagrams, could be used to gather major information.In contrast Danaher have used various published data to trace the evolution of the Jetstar strategy of its initial position, to its efforts to attain price competitiveness and dish parity, followed by its highly focused, cost-effective supporter th coursey strategy. Based on it they have developed a hierarchical model with parameters estimated at theindividual level. This allows us to study not however how service design and pricing initiatives shift the perceived performance of Jetstar relative to its competitors but also how the airline can move market preferences to contendd areas in which it has competitive advantage. by and by done with the planning of the collection of data from competitors performance on its revenue, sales pelfs, passenger numbers and market parting in 2002, 2003 and 2004 against Qantas k ey performance indicators for the resembling period between 2002, 2003 and 2004 from the Annual Reports of both consummate(a) Blue and Qantas internal operations.Nadler (1977), after the data has been collected data they are analysed using the qualitative change data such as directors report, World Business Briefing /Australia Airline Profit(2004).The reminder of this essay will critically analyse the data collected from vicarious sources such as Annual Reports, newspaper articles and journal articles to analysis the data sourced to evaluate what would be the most effective change to be implemented by Qantas in responding to Virgin Blue competition the Australian aviation domestic sectors.This paragraph will evaluate the basic background of Qantas and Virgin Blue and will also highlight various reasons that eventually led the Qantas group for the launch of the Jetstar. After the deregulation of Australian aviation market there were several airline companies entering the market however the most significant entrance was of low fare airlines Impulse in June and Virgin Blue in August 2000. The reaching of Impulse Airlines and Virgin Blue doubled the number of players and dramatically challenged the stable duopoly of Qantas (after its merger with Australian Airlines) and Ansett, setting off a vicious price war (Traca, D., 2004). However, Impulse facing a major trouble in the cash flow agreed on May 1, 2001 to hand over its operations to its biggest rival, Qantas Airways. As per the deal Impulse stopped its passenger service under its own name on May 14 and leased 21 aircraft as hale as cabin crews and pilots to Qantas. The deal led the stock of Qantas heaved by 26% closing at $3.40 per share giving Qantas a significantly stronger position in the Australian market (Gaylord, 2001).Qantas, Australias leading domestic and intertheme carries launched a budget airline called Jetstar in May 2004 (Qantas annual report, 2004). With Jetstar Qantass aim was to account the low fare segment of the aviationindustry, which came into existence in the year 2000 with its competitor, Virgin Blue. Virgin had been successfully eating up QANTAS market share by attacking it from below as a no frills provider. In 2001 the collapse of Ansett in domestic market, led Qantas to lease extra flights, add hundreds of special flights in order to help stranded travellers due to Ansett crisis. At the time Qantas flew more than 50,000 former Ansett passengers for free and other 65,000 on heavily discounted fares.Due to this Qantas was able to deliver a profit before tax of $631m and net profit after tax of $428 cardinal at the end of 2002, 30 June, despite of the circumstance that the mans aviation market was suffering from constant shock syndrome, due to the September 11 attack followed by bombings in Bali, the war in Iraq and of shape the devastating outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Qantas annual report, 2003). The shutdown of Ansett also highly ben efitted Virgin Blue, since the event provided a wide opportunity for Virgin Blue to grow rapidly and become Australias second leading domestic carrier. In 2000 it started with only one travel plan (Brisbane to Sydney) with two aircrafts and a squad of just 200 people. In 2001, with the opportunity to widen its market segment, 14 new routes were launched (virginaustralia history).The aim of this paragraph is to highlight how Qantas and Virgin Blue became the only two players in the Australian domestic aviation market in 2002. It will also look in to the key financial indicators of both the companies so that a comparison could be drawn out. In 2002 there were only two companies that survived the fare war of 2000-2001. One of them was Qantas that gained 80% of the domestic market share following Ansetts cessation. Whereas, the number of international passenger declined by 11% which makes an average decline of about 25% in global aviation market (Traca, D., 2004). In the resembling year Qantas domestic carried 1485 meg passengers making a RPK of $2034 million and the ASK of $2503 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2002).Qantas announced its financial results for the year ended thirtieth June 2002. As per the financial result the company had $631 million of profit before tax, a net profit after tax of $million, revenue of $ 10,968.8 million and winnings per share of 29.1 cents (Qantas annual report, 2002). The other survivor of the fare war, Virgin Blue managed to emerge as second Australian domestic help carrier, covering of about 20% of the domestic market(Traca, D., 2004). Due to its strategic low operating cost and soaring market share, it was able to achieve net profit before tax of $34.8 million and revenue of $388.3 million. In this year the airline carried 3.2 million passengers, its traffic as measured by RPKS was 3169 million, capacity measured by ASKS was 3898 million (Virgin Blue annual report, 2004). In March 2002 Patrick Corporation, the premier port cargo handler, bought 50% of the airline. This change made Godfrey, chief executive of Virgin Blue confident about the enlargement of the domestic operation and also expansion into the international market with service to South Pacific (Traca, D., 2004).This paragraph critically analyses the key financial indicators of the Qantas and the Virgin Blue of the year 2003. It will also highlight how Virgin Blue concentrating only of the leisure domestic market was slowly overcoming the market share of Qantas. In 2003 Qantas domestic carried 1768 million passengers making a RPK of $2262 million and the ASK of $2683 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2003). Qantas announced its financial results for the year ended 30th June 2003. As per the financial result the company had $502.3 million of profit before tax, a net profit after tax of $343.5 million, revenue of $11,374.9 million and earnings per share of 20 cents (Qantas annual report 2003).Speaking of announcements, in the Annual General Meeting held on 16th October 2003 it was announced that the airline is investigating the fundamental law of separate domestic low cost airline to service the leisure market in Australia (Preliminary monthly traffic and capacity statistics, July 2003).In this same year Virgin Blue carried 6.8 million passengers, its traffic as measured by RPKS was 7194 million, capacity measured by ASKS was 9078 million. Taking advantage of the fact that Virgin Blue had no other competitor serving the price sensitive market of Australia, it realise revenue of $914.6 million, compared to previous year the revenue earned up roared by 135.5% and the number of passengers carried also increased by 107% (Virgin Blue annual report, 2003).This paragraph will critically analyse the launch of Jetstar in May 2004 and the changes that it brought in the key financial indicators of Qantas and as well as of Virgin Blue. Following the announcement made in 2003 AnnualGeneral Meeting Qantas Introd uced Jetstar in May 2004. In the first year Jetstar alone carried 273,000 passengers. Prior Jetstar Qantas already had Qantas Domestic and Qantas Link serving domestic passengers. With these three Qantas in total carried 1973 million passengers. Compared to 2003/04 the number increased by 9.4% (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2004). In the same year Total Domestic (Qantas, Qantas Link and Jetstar) traffic was measured in Revenue passenger Kilometres (RPKs) of $2451 million while capacity, measured in Available Seat Kilometres (ASKs) increased to $3021 million (Traffic and capacity statistics, 2004).On 19 August 2004, Qantas announced its financial results for the year ended 30 June 2004. In the announcement it was stated that the company had achieved a profit before tax of $964.6 million and a net profit after tax of $648.4 million. Similarly, $11.4 billion of revenue, earning per share of 35.7 cents (Qantas annual report, 2004/05). Despite increasing domestic competition during t he year Virgin Blue continued to show strong ontogeny and profitability. During the year Virgin Blue carried over 10million (m) passengers, an increase of 53% compared to previous year. Doubling its passenger number the third time in a row in this same year it welcomed its 20 millionth passenger. Its revenue for the 2004 financial year was $1362.3million which is 49% more than the previous year.In the same year profit before tax was up by 45% to 226.2million and a Net Profit After Tax of 158.5million (Virgin blue annual report, 2004). Till March 31, 2004 Virgin Blue had 44 Boeing Net Generation 737 700 737 -800 aircraft out of which 36 were leased and 8 were owned. However, during the year the fleet was increased by 15 aircrafts. Since the day of mental home Virgin Blue was committed to keep its cost base low and they are continuously working through it so that they could consistently provide their customers with low fares travel. Their cost per ASK for the financial year 2004 w as 8.16 cents whereas a year before it was 8.48 cents. A decrease of 3.5% put the company on a good prior in terms of scale and productivity (Virgin blue annual report 2004). The Australian discount airline Virgin Blue, has won 30% of the market from Qantas, the national carrier, which will introduce a low-fare airline, Jetstar. Fare surcharges are being imposed by both groups as fuel prices rise (Shaw, 2004). Jetstars initially offered $48 for Melbourne to Hobart route and from $54 for Sydney to the resorts south of Brisbane.The price was similarto what the price Virgin Blue was offering at the same period. All Jetstar flights offered one class of travel, with unreserved seating. In contrast Virgin Blue offered assigned seating and baggage connections to final destinations (Henly, 2004). This paragraph critically analyse the key indicators for Qantas and Virgin Blue for launching Jetstar in May 2004. It is very clear with the annual report that Jetstar has been profitable ever sin ce it was launched in the year 2004 (Jetstar Media centre). However, the road wasnt quiet smooth in the initial years. From its launch Jetstar was exclusively using a low price message in its communication, but it was lagging way behind Virgin Blue in terms of quality. The Jetstar overall quality disadvantage was greater at 22.3% (6.02 versus 7.75) (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Fig 3).Jetstar was already appealing on the price front, and then it addressed its deficit in quality and tackled that by focusing on some specific sub attributes (not disclosed by the company) that provided Jetstar a good opportunity to overcome the point of residual with Virgin Blue. Then the price perception of Jetstar relative to Virgin Blue dramatically improved from 6.9% deficit in March 2008 to 2.5% deficit in only 3months i.e. 7.42 versus 7.62 (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Fig 3). Since the establishment the main concern as a parent company for Qantas Group was that whether Jetstar would financially be profitable in its own right. Hence, it did by earning revenue of $1.020 billion, $1.414 billion, and $1.605 billion in the year 2007, 2008, and 2009 respectively.It was 7%, 10%, 12% of Qantas group revenue respectively (Qantas annual report, 2009). Similarly, in the same order the profit earned was $79 million, $104 million and $118 million (Danaher et.al, 2011. pp. 586 -594, Table 2). Similarly, speaking of market share of Jetstar, it has increased by 29% from the year 2008-2009. Earlier with the perceived sightly price competitiveness and low quality it was in a poor position as compared to Virgin Blue, whereas, with the necessary remedies taken within the 1st accommodate of 2008 it was in position almost equal to Virgin Blue in terms of covering the large proportion of the target market. Jetstar Market Share of Domestic Australian Leisure Air Travel was 14% in the first quarter of 2008, with the changes made the market share increased to 14.6% and it gradually ke pt on increasing and it had 18.1% of market share in March 2009. Further, with the increase in profit it improved its perceptual position, whereas,Virgin Blue has remained relatively stationary.In terminal if we are to pay close attention to the domestic growth strategies of the countrys largest airline company Qantas, its decision of launching Jetstar seems be a successful strategic decision. It was matter of concern that the Virgin Blue an airline company focusing on the price sensitive market would whether survive the competition with 82 year old veteran airline company. However, with its striking approach of low fare Virgin Blue today covers 35% market share of the domestic aviation sector. By critically evaluating the financial indicators of both companies for the year 2002-2004 and also following the series of events, it becomes quiet clear that though Virgin Blue had started nonaged it managed to cover 20% of the target market in 2002.In further years concentrating only in the no frill travel it was able to detention the 30% of the market share, which became a matter of concern for Qantas because though it was making more profits then Virgin Blue it was losing it domestic market grip, therefore, led to the launch of Jetstar. However, even after the Launch of Jetstar Qantas performance was not like it was expected because in the year 2004 Qantas domestically carried only 2061 million passengers which were only 88 million more than the last year. However, with the necessary major changes (not disclosed by the company) Jetstar alone was able to regain the market share of 18.1% by March 2009. filename extension LISTGaylord, B. (2001). Qantas to Absorb Competitor As Fare War Takes a Victim. The wise York Times Business Day. 11Shaw, J. (2004). World Business Briefing /Australia Airline Profit. The New York Times Business Day. Henly, G, S. (2004). Travel Advisory New Offshot of Qantas Offers Lower Fares. The New York Times Travel Danaher. J. P., Roberts. H . J., Roberts. K., Simpson. A. (2011). Applying a Dynamic Model of Consumer Choice to Guide grass Development at Jetstar Airways. Marketing Science, 30(4), 586 594. Doi 10.1287/mksc.1100.0619Traca. D., (2004). Virgin Blue Fighting With National Champion. INSEAD, 5179. Traffic and Capacity Statistics. Retrieved fromhttp//www.qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/investors-traffic-statistics/global/en Jetstar Media Centre. Retrieved fromhttp//www.jetstar.com/mediacentre/facts-and-stats/jetstar-groupNadler, D. (1977). cited in Cumming and Worley (2009). geological formation development change, 9th edition, South- Western Cengage Learning. Qantas annual report (2002). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2002AnnualReport.pdf Qantas annual report (2003). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2003AnnualReport.pdf Qantas annual report (2004). Retrieved from http//www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/2004AnnualReport.pdf Virgin Bl ue annual report (2004). Retrieved fromhttp//www.virginaustralia.com/cs/groups/internetcontent/wc/documents/webcontent/edisp/annual-rpt-2004-a3.pdf