lena horne :: essays research papers

Singer/actress Lena Hornes primary occupation was nightclub entertaining, a traffic she pursued successfully around the world for more than 60 years, from the 1930s to the 1990s. In conjunction with her club work, she also maintained a recording career that stretched from 1936 to 2000 and brought her three Grammys, including a Lifetime Achievement gift in 1989 she appeared in 16 feature darts and several shorts amid 1938 and 1978 she performed occasionally on Broadway, including in her own Tony-winning one-woman show, Lena Horne The Lady and Her medicine in 1981-1982 and she sang and acted on radio and television. Adding to the challenge of maintaining such a career was her position as an African-American facing discrimination in person and in her profession during a period of enormous social deviate in the U.S. Her first job in the 1930s was at the cotton plant Club, where blacks could perform, moreover not be admitted as customers by 1969, when she acted in the film Death o f a Gunfighter, her characters marriage to a white man went unremarked in the script. Horne herself was a pivotal figure in the changing attitudes about(predicate) race in the 20th century her middle-class upbringing and melodic training predisposed her to the popular music of her day, rather than the blues and malarky genres more commonly associated with African-Americans, and her photogenic looks were sufficiently close to Caucasian that oftentimes she was encouraged to try to "pass" for white, something she consistently refused to do. But her position in the middle of a social struggle enabled her to become a attraction in that struggle, speaking out in favor of racial consolidation and raising money for civil rights causes. By the end of the century, she could look gumption at a life that was never short on conflict, further that could be seen ultimately as a triumph. Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was born June 30, 1917, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Both s ides of her family claimed a mixture of African-Americans, Native Americans, and Caucasians, and some(prenominal) were part of what black leader W.E.B. DuBois called "the talented tenth," the upper stratum of the American black population made up of middle-class, well-educated African-Americans. Her parents, however, might twain be described as mavericks from that tradition. Her father, Edwin Fletcher Horne Jr., worked for the New York State Department of Labor, but one of her biographers describes him more accurately as "a numbers banker" his real profession was gambling.