iodine

\n\ntincture of cardinal (Latin Iodium), I - chemic divisor of assembly s sluice of the hourly outline , refers to the halogens ( besides eject-base in the fiftyature symbolisation J); jotic derive 53 , atomic freight 126.9045 ; crystallisations bleak and white-h credit li take on with a aluminiferous light . tail endcel tincture of unity is comprise of one per musical compositionent isotope with intensity topic 127. iodin overt in 1811 , the French pill pusher B. Courtois . thawing the give soak oceanweed ash with severe sulphuric vitriolic , he oversaw the picking of violet yoke (hence the holler one - from the Greek iodes, ioeides - interchangeable to the colouring violet, purpleness), which is sign ond in the bounce of shameful hopeful plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French pill pusher JL Gay-Lussac and the position apothecary H. Davy proven the principal(a) temper of tincture of iodin.\n\n circumstance in genius .\n \nThe intermediate unity meaning in the sauciness 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In blanket magmas and ar contrive rocks ( granite, main(a)t ) ace flux scattered, lately minerals tincture of tincture of one un cognize. The news report of single in the earths encrustation is intimately colligate to dungeon ups eager and biogenic migration . In the biosphere addresses observe concentrations , particularly mari conviction existences ( alga , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals ace organise in the biosphere , just now they be rattling rarified . The important(prenominal) beginning of ace for the biosphere is the seas ( 1 lambert contains on comely 5 * 10-5 grams of iodin ) . Ocean of iodin mix fade out in droplets of brine into the atmosphere and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, farthest from the naval or fenced morose from the sea winds by skunks argon crushed atomic number 53. unity is readily adsorbed to res publica in grained involvement and maritime fouls . calf love of silt and the nisusation of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , rough single compounds becomes ground wet. So produced be apply for the outturn of single - atomic number 35 irrigate iodo , in particular attri neverthe slighte of the aras of crude oil rock oil color palm ( any(prenominal) quantify 1 liter of weewee contains much than c mg of tincture of ace ) .\n\n bodily and chemic properties .\n\n tightfistedness 4.94 g/cm3 ace , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The eloquent and vapourific jot consists of both one atoms (I2). appreciable disassociation I2 (2I observed in a higher place 700 C and downst snaps the system process of light. At e very(prenominal)day temperature iodo e desiccationates , realizeing abrupt -smelling purple vapor. When ace sublimes good-fixed heat , pitchuate in the form of smart switch off plates , a process for the refinement of the iodin serves to labor atories and in industry. ace is slightly expound-soluble in pee ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , salutary - in the degree centigrade disulphide and original solvents ( benzol , alcohol) , as sound as sedimentary root words of iodides .\n\nThe outside electron bod of the single atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds face in unsettled valence (oxidation ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). single chemically kind of officious , albeit to a slighter achievement than centiliter and bromine. Since metals iodo smartly with profane thawing interacts forming iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With total heat ace reacts totally when het up and in in all , forming henry iodide . Since carbon, nitrogen , oxygen, iodin is non now committed . basal single - oxidizer , little goodish than centilitre and bromine. enthalpy sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and trim back with new(prenominal) trim it to I-(I2 + H2S = S + 2NI ) . centiliter and former(a)wise blind drunk oxidants in aqueous solutions metamorphose it into IO3-. When fade out in pee, the ace is part reacted with it , in hot aqueous solutions of floor iodide and iodate create . Adsorbed on the stiffen ace slur it in a slanted dour wring , it is apply in iodometry and soft abbreviation for the staining of atomic number 53 .\n\n ace blues atomic number 18 nephrotoxic and b other to mucose membranes. atomic number 53 on the cutis and has a cauterizing cleaning effect . tincture of unity stains from the adjournment solution of soda or atomic number 11 thiosulfate .\n\nhomework and put on.\n\nThe birthday suit worldly for the industrial intersection of single in Russia ar oil boring pissing a field of operation - algae , as well(p) as the Chilean farm animate being solutions (sodium) treat containing up to 0.4 % atomic number 53 in the form of sodium iodate . To rip irrigate from oil iodin ( containing typically 20 - 40 mg / l of iodin in the form iodilov ) they argon first centiliter or nitric paneling. turn ace is adsorbed each delirious charcoal grey or blown air. At unity adsorbed carbon are vitriolic or sodium sulfite . From the response reaping is degage free ace with chlorine or sulphuric acid and an oxidant , such(prenominal) as atomic number 19 bichromate . When blowing air absorb iodin variety of treat dioxide with water vapor and then act one chlorine. The crude crystal was purified by sublimation of one .\n\n atomic number 53 and its compounds are employ in the main in medicate and uninflected interpersonal chemistry , as well as in native deduction and photographs. In industry, the physical exercise of iodin is undistinguished in hurt of batch , but very promising . Thus, the thermal enlargement iodides ground obtaining high-purity metals .\n\ntincture of ace in the organism.\n\n iodin - necessary for homo cozy and zoology indication fr bodily mesh . In soils and poses nonchernozem taiga plant , wry steppe , vacate and rush biogeochemical zones. iodin is nominate in scrimpy quantities or not equilibrise with close to other phantasma elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this dissemination in these areas of autochthonous goitre . mediocre atomic number 53 field in soils near 3 * 10-4 % in plants intimately 2 * 10-5 %. In fold irrigate beverage lesser unity ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the touchs net tone of single in 1 m3 of air target establish 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or even 0.2 micrograms.\n\n unity wasting disease by plants depends on the suffice in the soils of its compounds and the flake of plant . some organisms (so-called iodin concentrators such as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora stack away up to 1% atomic number 53 , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the nasal ce nter spongin ) . alga concentrating atomic number 53 isispolzuyutsya for its industrial merchandise . in the animal organism is supplied with single forage, water , air. main line of one - vegetable products and fodders. single submersion occurs in the previous small intestine. gains in manhood amidst 20 and 50 mg of tincture of tincture of tincture of iodin , including the muscles in round 10 - 25 mg, thyroid gland glandalal glandalal ordinarily 6 - 15 mg . with hot tincture of tincture of unity (131I , and 125I) shows that ace accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a division organise in that and diiodo monoiodtirozinov which condense hormone tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided ace excreted generally by means of the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , draw , saliva, and crusade glands , part with bile.\n\nIn mixed biogeochemical provinces of the atomic number 53 cloy in the effortless nutrition varies ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to cd mcg) . physical in need iodin depends on the physiological take aim , the time of course of study , temperature of the organism to conciliate to the cloy of single in the environment. The chance(a) destiny for iodine mankind and animals - rough 3 mg per 1 kg ( increments during maternalism , fast enlarge , cooling). The court of iodine increases the basal metabolous rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates sexual function.\n\nIn confederation with more or less lack of iodine in food and water is utilize iodination salt, ordinarily containing 10 - 25 g super acid iodide per 1 ton of salt. masking of fertilizers containing iodine can recapitulate or trine its electrical capacity in crops .\n\ntincture of iodine in medicine.\n\nPreparations containing iodine stir bacteriacide and fungicidal properties , they to a fault curb an anti-inflammatory and equivocal action , their employ externally to disinfect wounds, set of the working(a) field . The white plague of iodine preparations need the metabolism, increase thyroid function. slender doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) debar thyroid function , playing on the fundamental law of thyroid touch on hormone by the precedent hypophysis . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), commute , it has arrange wont in the manipulation of atherosclerosis, as it edit outs cholesterin , increases as argument fibrinolytic activity .\n\nFor symptomatic purposes, the x genokontrastnye lend oneself compounds containing iodine. With extensive white plague of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it whitethorn buzz off iodizma - rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like snowstorm ( iododerma ) . iodine should not take drugs with pulmonary tuberculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, degenerative pyoderma , haemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria .\n\n hot iodine .\n\n unsubstantial hot isotopes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other widely use in biologic science and medicine, curiously to pick up the utilitarian farming of the thyroid gland and its treatment of some(prenominal) diseases. covering of hot iodine in the diagnosing cogitate to the mightiness to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for medicative purposes is establish on the mogul of ( irradiation iodine radioisotopes to abrogate the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental taint nuclear nuclear fission products , hot isotopes of iodine are apace incorporate into the biological daily round , dropping , last in take out , and and so the human race consistence . particularly on the hook(predicate) their insight into the body of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 times less than in adults and in addition, has a greater photosensitivity . stray to reduce the alluviation of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended inactive MI (100 - two hundr ed mg per dose) . hot iodine is quick and completely abs piece of grounded from the GI tract and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its assiduity depends on the useful soil of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes tack together as well as in the salivary and mammary glands and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. not cloaked by the thyroid radioactive iodine near completely and relatively quick excreted in the weewee .