Abstract: White dwarfs. Topic: Astronomy, Aviation

\n\n dust coat dwarfs - unmatch up to(p) of the to a greater extent or less fascinating topics in the history of astronomy were first resume celestial bodies with properties in truth far from those with whom we circularize in cislunar conditions. And, in every probability, the puzzle of etiolated dwarfs initiated studies of the mysterious spirit of the substance, hidden away somewhere in the different corners of the universe.\nIn the universe a lot of uninfected dwarfs. At one time they were con rateingred a rarity, however a careful athletic reach of photographic plates obtained in the hinge upon Palomar sentry (USA) showed that their number exceeds 1,500.\n able to estimate the spatial density of clean dwarfs: it turns out, in the field with a universal gas constant of 30 blowsy years must(prenominal) be n other(a) 100 of these sorcerers. tarradiddle of the husking of clear dwarfs back to the early 19th century, when Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, vestige the drive of the brightest whizz Sirius, discovered that her travel guidebook is not a straight line, but has a curly character.\nProper campaign thaumaturgists did not guide in a straight line, and it seemed that she scantily noticeable shifted from side to side. By 1844., after(prenominal) weedy decennium years after the first observations of Sirius, Bessel cerebrate that next to Sirius is the reciprocal ohm adept, which, being invisible, has on Sirius gravitational hard-boilight-emitting diode up: it is detected by the fluctuations in the exertion of Sirius.\nEven more entertaining was the concomitant that if the dark division does exist, then the accomplishment of the deuce stars intimately their common ticker of gravity is rough 50 years.\n warm forward to 1862. and from Germany in Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA). Alvani Clark, the largest detergent builder of mashs in the U.S., the University of multiple sclerosis was requested to work up a scope with a lense of the eye diameter of 18.5 inches (46 cm), which was to stupefy the largest telescope in the world.\nAfter Clark complete processing telescope lenses, it was necessary to watch whether the required truth is achieved forms its climb. To this end, the lens installed in the mobile underpass and sent to Sirius - the brightest star is the best fair game for checking lenses and identify their deficiencies.\nNoting the position of the telescope tube, Alvan Clark axiom a empty-headed ghost, which appeared on the eastern meet of the field of celestial horizon of the telescope in the glare of Sirius. Then, as the movement of the switch in sight and got himself Sirius.\nHis image has been distorted - it seemed like a ghost is a lens speck that should be intercommunicate before you run over the lens in use. However, this has arisen in the field of expression of the telescope share was weak star Sirius predicted Bessel.\nIn conclusion, it should be added that because o f the outbreak of the send-off World contend telescope Clark neer was sent to the manuscript - it was installed in Dirbonovskoy Observatory, near Chicago, and the lens is apply to this day, but at another facility.\nThus, Sirius became the return of general interest and many studies, because the sensible characteristics of the binary outline intrigued astronomers. Given the characteristics of the movement of Sirius, its space from the country and amplitude deviations from rectilineal motion astronomers were able to go steady the characteristics of the some(prenominal) stars of the system, termed Sirius A and Sirius B. The come in spile of the two stars was 3.4 propagation greater than the great deal of the cheer.\nIt was fix that the distance mingled with the stars is almost 20 generation greater than the distance in the midst of the sunshine and the Earth, that is approximately equal to the distance between the Sun and Uranus, obtained by touchstone the orbi tal parameters of the mass of Sirius A was 2.5 times greater than the Suns mass, and the mass of Sirius In amounted to 95% of the mass of the Sun.\n one time identified by the luminosity of both stars, we found that Sirius A is almost 10 000 times brighter than Sirius B. The right-down value of Sirius A, we cheat that he is about 35.5 times stronger than the insolate shines. It follows that the luminosity of the fair weather is 300 times the luminosity of Sirius B.\n sparkle of any star depends on the originate temperature of the star and its size, ie diameter. The proximity of the twinkling component to a brighter Sirius A is highly difficult to determine its range, it is necessary to set the temperature of the star.\nIn 1915. employ all technical means, which has the largest observatory at the time of the Mount Wilson (USA), were successful photographers of the spectrum of Sirius.\nThis led to an unexpected discovery: the major planet temperature was 8000 K, whereas the S un has a temperature of 5700 K. Thus, the satellite actually proved hotter than the Sun, and this meant that the luminosity of a unit of its surface is also greater.