Values and Ethics

Values and morals Above All Else AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to diagnose and talk about my own(prenominal) determine, comp ar and contrast those determine against the NASW reckon of morals, discuss the selection of a item values clarification sketch, including drive for choosing, face-to-face expressionings, attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions, aim of comfort regarding the client(s) involved, and works to be taken to resolve scraping personal values, and discuss the selection of a especial(a) honor equal to(p) dilemma, including ethical responsibilities and principles in conflict with dilemma, reasons for choosing, available options to address the concerns, the pros and cons of individually option, guidelines and resources available to assist with closure this dilemma and deciding on appropriate shape of action, and what course of action is chosen. Values and Ethics Above All ElseThree of my personal values intromit the following h integritysty and integ rity, never settling for slight than ones best through commitment to improving oneself, and to be pass judgment of separate people regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or culture. My family heavily influenced my personal values as they ceaselessly taught me to be a free- mobiliseer, open-minded, and to try to put myself in former(a)s shoes. They pushed me to be the best I could be at whatever I was doing, even when I thought I was already doing my best. They encouraged me to cede friendships with people from either walks of manners. I have friends of all ages, races, genders, and sexual orientation. I dont limit myself to one particular group. My p arnts set eccentrics for me in these values instead of undecomposed stating them. In other words, their words mirrored their actions.My personal values conflict with the NASW enrol of Ethics on the following levels 1) Honest and integrity&8212As an individual who is dedicate to building and maintaining a clients trus t in my schoolmaster get alongledge and depend great power, this value conflicts due to the fact agency policies, legal procedures, etc forget inevitably place limitations on how I am able to picture services to my client. The ability to rest dedicated and loyal to my client sequence adhering to particular agency, extract, and federal government law of natures will be a equilibrize act. There will be times when I have to prefer laws over clients in cases where abiding by the law will screw my client and possibly destroy what trust he/she has placed in me.It is my desire if/when this should ever happen, betraying my client due to requirement to adhere to the law will ultimately bene represent the client more(prenominal) than maintaining complete confidentiality. harmonize to the NASW Code of Ethics, loving workers office to the larger society or specific legal obligations whitethorn on limited occasions supersede the committedness owed clients, and clients should be s o advised ( depicted object connectedness of cordial Workers NASW, 2008, 1. 01 committedness To Clients). An example of this would be informing the law about tiddler neglect or abuse during a counseling session with a client who tells me her child is universe abused.Additionally, the clients right to confidentiality whitethorn be less compelling than the rights of other people who could be severely harmed or dishonored by actions planned by the client and confided to the practitioner (Hepworth, Rooney, Rooney, Gottfriend, & Larsen, 2006). 2) neer settling for less that ones best The hardest challenge for me is accepting my clients where they ar because I am always wanting my clients to achieve the highest level of functioning and well- be as possible. If the clients current exhibit or state in life is where they ar supposed to be, then I have to ask the question, Why are they being referred to me for assistance? In my personal life, I both desire and am always encourag ing my friends and family to succeed in whatever they are doing.It is ambitious to see them struggle when I specify there is a reform life for them. I have to stop and remind myself what I think is wagerer or best for them is not always appropriate nor what they want. To me, this is the hardest to accept. I have to be genuinely mindful I dont impose my own wishes and desires on my client while maintaining an encouraging and constructive client/worker circumstances relationship, (National Association of amicable Workers NASW, 2008, 1. 02 Self Determination) 3) evaluate of other people regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or culture It is difficult for me to work with a client who is unwilling to accept admirer from mortal introductiond on race, gender, or culture i. e. client refusing to work with an African-American kind worker, a female kind worker, a homosexual social worker, etc. In dealing with the geriatric population, I have encountered quite an a bi t of racism from my clients as most of them were raised during the luxuriant years of the Civil Rights Movement. They have the mindset and use terminology that is very offensive to me. I have had clients tell me they dont the like the people who live in their neighborhood simply because they are not Caucasian. I also have clients who have told me they dont think I can help them, and refer to me as that little young lady (National Association of fond Workers NASW 2008 1. 05 Cultural Competence and Social Diversity).My personal values compare with the NASW Code of Ethics on the following levels 1) Honesty and rightfulness I am committed to representing the social work profession in an ethical, professional manner to the best of my ability. I am committed to stay honest with my clients, my employers, and my colleagues. I embrace integrity by taking responsibility for my actions and providing my clients with the highest level of service available. Integrity, for all people, holds a variety of meanings and is enacted on varied levels. For me, integrity means operating in ethical and highly conscientious levels even when no one is watching and no recognition is given. Social work is one of the professions where expectations from both clients and employers are high, financial compensation is low, and gratitude and detainment is rarely given.The professional must find their own lane of grip through the realization that their actions can ultimately have a controlling impact on the lives of those clients and their families long after the social worker has modify their relationship (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 6. 01 Social Welfare). 2) Never settling for ones best As previously stated, I am always wanting better for my friends, family, and especially my clients. This motivates me to carefully examine either avenue for every(prenominal) possible resource available and utilize them to best urge my clients ability to achieve their pre-dete rmined goals. It can be utter social workers often serve in the creative capacity when it comes to helping their client succeed. As economic times get harder and federal and state budges get tighter, social workers will have the increasingly daunting trade union movement of providing maximum services on a minimal budget.I have a strong drive for my clients to succeed which serves as a catalyst in finding avenues of assistance. 3) Accepting of other people We, as a nation, are known as the Melting Pot of the World. Thus, social workers will have clients from all ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Having this acceptance and being open-minded towards people whose sexual orientation, lifestyle, religious and ethnic beliefs do not fit one particular mold will be extremely salutary to me as I continue to grow in my professional career. I will be better able to serve my clients to the best of my ability and limit the possibility of any(prenominal) biases I may have, both recognise and un realized, to effect the working/helping relationship between me and my client.The vignette I chose to examine my personal and professional values against is vignette 1 concerning a home study with homophile(a) males that are interested in adoption. My reason behind choosing this vignette is the increase in media coverage of homosexual compeers that are interested in adopting and the reactions from the public in regard. As stated by the NASW, social workers social change efforts are focused primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other forms of social injustice (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 Value Social Injustice). I would want to help this couple more than a heterosexual couple due to the discrimination that gay couples experience. I want to help oppressed individuals more and this makes me feel prideful to do so.However, the NASW also states that social workers strive to ensure access to geted information, services, and resources e t heatrical role of opportunity and purposeful participation in finish making for all people (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 Value Social Injustice). Due to this conflict, I would make every effort that every client receives equal service and I make my short letter as professionally as I can. I have difficulty understanding others prejudices, and for this reason, I feel the have to over-compensate for those that have been discriminated against. I immediately felt sorry for this gay couple even though I had not met them yet.As a human being and in accordance to the NASW Code of Ethics, it is my duty to respect the inherent gravitas and worth of this client as a person (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 Value Dignity and Worth of the Person). This value is further emphasized in lineal Social Work Practice Theory and Skills with the following public life All human beings deserve access to the resources they need to deal with lifes problems and to d evelop their potentialities (Hepworth et. al, 2006). Additionally, the authors essay to advise the social worker to remain vigilant in terms of not allowing his or her personal biases to collide with the helping relationship.My preconceived beliefs include the thought that this gay couple had been discriminated against four-fold times and would expect me to do the same. I also assumed this gay couple would fit best with a female child, thinking some homosexual males relate well with females. However, they are males, so would they relate better with a male child? These assumptions are just that assumptions. Social workers should base practice on recognized knowledge, including empirically based knowledge, relevant to social work and social work ethics (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 4. 01c Competence). I am quick to extinguish any assumptions once they have obtain their course in my mind. I rarely embrace them they are just merely a notion that passes through m y brain.I am uncomfortable with every client when I do the first home visit. I know the correct body language to show, verbal and nonverbal, so I am able to hide my uneasiness and build a rapport quickly. at a time a relationship has started to develop with a client, I am more at ease in their presence and able to provide quality level of services for them. After establishing their needs and goals, I would seek any resources that could assist the couple with all needs identified and the process of adoption. end-to-end the course of helping this couple, I would remind myself that they are not my provided clients, and all of my clients need to be serviced equally.The vignette I chose to discuss my ethical and principle conflicts is ethical dilemma 1 regarding the formation of a offspring group in a state correctional facility. I chose this vignette because I have quite a bit of experience with early days and I am most comfortable with younger clients. Working with clients in a co rrectional facility is very appealing to me so this vignette caught my attention before the other ones had a chance. In this situation, I could circumstances all information I learn in the group, share goose egg I learn in the group, or disclose in the etymon the nature of confidentiality and decide if any references made in group need to be reported.In deciding if any references in group should be reported, I would use the professional knowledge of my superiors and equals to assist me in this judgment. By communion all information I learn in the youth group, I would not miss any important information pertaining to my clients. Due to confidentiality concerns, I would only share the information with those the client had consented and those I had to share with. This course of action would demonstrate loyalty to my company as well as profession. The cons of the following options are as follows 1) Having a meeting between detain and agency executive program may cause feelings of r esentment, confusion, and distrust.The houseman may feel the agency supervisor thinks they are inexperienced and incapable of handling the job 2) Having a meeting between the detain and the firmament t apieceer may cause the intern to feel he/she is unsuccessful in conflict resolution and may also cause them to feel the field instructor cannot trust them to perform their job duties 3) Coordinating a meeting among the field instructor, the bookman intern, and the agency supervisor may cause to promote feelings of animosity, biases, etc for each party involved. The agency supervisor may feel threatened especially when regarding his/her agencys policies and their stance on them. The field instructor may feel that the agency is being unrealistic in terms of its expectations and requirements for student interns.The student intern may feel caught in the middle and that he/she is unable to demonstrate their capacity for effective conflict resolution. 4) By requesting a transfer to anot her department, the student may not be able to experience what the field instructor had originally intended. 5) In the event that the parties are not able to come to a reasonable solution, then the student must find an alternative placement to complete field. This may entrust the student intern confused, doubting their professional abilities, and the unwillingness to speak up if similar problems arise at their new location of internship. The resources that exist to help me resolve this ethical dilemma include my field instructor, my agency supervisor, the NASW Code of Ethics, and my own personal convictions.The NASW Code of Ethics states, Social workers who function as educators or field instructors for students should take reasonable move to ensure that clients are routinely informed when services are being provided by students. Additionally, the Code of Ethics refers to the fact reasonable accommodations should be taken by each party to ensure that this occurs Social work admini strators should take reasonable steps to ensure that the working environment for which they are responsible is consistent with and encourages submission with theNASW Code of Ethics (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 3. 02 Education and Training). The responsibility of the student intern being able to operate professionally within an memorial tablet and to exhibit their learned skill set belongs to both the administrator of the sought after agency as well as the field instructor.The student intern has a responsibility to ensure the agency supervisor is aware of the interns obligations to the NASW COE. Furthermore, he/she is responsible for ensuring agency practices do not stymie or interfere with their obligations in accordance to it (National Association of Social Workers NASW 2008 3. 09 Commitment to Employers). It would be my choice to utilize the Code of Ethics, hold consultations with my agency supervisor and field instructor, and my own professional experienc e to make an informed decision as to remain with the agency or not. It would also be my desire the agency, my field instructor, and I could work to an agreeable solution and avoid having to seek alternative placement elsewhere.If we are unable to achieve this, I would cronk the agency on a positive note and seek to throw my skill set and gain additional experience at a different agency. Above all, I would always present and interact on a professional manner as well as cerebrate to always have a second plan in place. Hepworth, D. H, Rooney, R. H. Rooney, G. D, Gottfried-Strom, K. , Larsen, J. A. (2006). Direct Social Work Practice Theory and Skills (7th) Belmont, CA Thomson Higher Education. 54,55,57,69. National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Retrieved June 30, 2012 from http//www. socialworkers. org/pubs/Code/code. asp Perry, Dr. Tonya. Values & Ethics In Social Work Practice PDF document. Retrieved from Lecture Note Handouts. June 30, 2012.

Spot The Difference Attitudes towards people onwelfare benefit in the 19th and 21st centuries

To be expire on the masses who commence welf be benefits, it is necessary to divide everyone into classes. make up if race refuse to admit they ar in a class there ar clear characteristics of what class they belong to. This division that is console dynamical now, was level off more(prenominal) operational in the 19th one C. It was a substance of life that the higher you were in the social class and hierarchy, then the more successful and prosperous you were to become in life.It was also some times a case of where you lived. It was Charles Booth that marked on maps of London where to each one social class lived. Places like Mile End highroad and Orsman Road contained the vicious unequal, the good deal at the bottom of the hierarchy. They were labelled as The worst class which consists of some occasional labourers, street sellers, loafers, criminals and semi-criminals. Their life is the life of savages, with vicissitudes of perfect hardship and their only luxury i s drink.Although this whitethorn seem that Booth is organism snobbish, it was noted that Booth had sympathy for the misfortunate. He scated with the lower class, and reported that it wasnt of all time necessary to assimilate money to be happy. He described that although the poor were more presumable to die of disease and less likely to survive, he thought that they seemed to be happier, without nurses and servants etc. That the rich are more likely to suffer from being spoiled than from harshness, that the simple natural lives of working-class race tend to their own and their childrens happiness more than the artificial complicated worldly concern of the risk.Now in the twenty-first century, these locational divides are still in place, although the locations of the vicious poor stick changed. While it is more noticeable in the 19th century maps, the upper class and lower class virtually side by side, it is thinkable that plurality were more willing to tolerate each other, right away there are more clear divisions. This change could be payable to packs tolerance and spatial relation towards different classes.However, it seems more apparent that there are different attitudes towards social classes. Usually, people arent willing to live near people of a lower class, places like council estates accommodate people of the same status, barely they are prepared to pay taxes towards their welfare and benefits.During the 1800s the conditions of the workhouses, and the relief from the government or parishes was of petty sponsor. People still struggled to make ends meet. The rule was that no one got to a higher place the lowest thespians wage, which was 12s to 15s a week. It was said that for a comfortable life, a worker needed a wage of 30s a week, concluding that few people had a comfortable life.In 1885, it was reported that 25% of the population lived in poverty, however, after Charles Booth investigated, and wrote Labour and Life of the People, he found that real 35% of the population were in poverty.In simple terms, it was harder to go through help in the 19th century. straightaway there are fourteen types of benefits, including benefits in kind for employees, child maintenance, council tax benefit, disability and carers benefits, housing benefit, foolishness benefit, income think benefits, invalid care allowance, mothers, widows and families benefits, retirement allowance, statutory sick pay, unemployment benefit, unfit for work benefits and war pensions and industrial injuries.While in the 19th century, it was an innovation to curb the poor law, today there are 2.7 million people claiming incapacity benefit, and the government are trying to reduce this number.1.610% of the population are on incapacity benefit this is an immense difference from what it was in the 1800s. Although there are so umpteen types of benefits, the government has become more active in getting people into work.The attitude of the government is that they need as many people in work as possible they have introduced schemes much(prenominal) as EMA, something that would never have been thought of in the 19th century. Peoples attitude was that the government were doing something about the increasing poverty, at the expense of the economy.But wherefore is the government making changes to benefits? The bottom line is that society has a responsibility to care for those unable to work.The government have introduced new schemes to prevent people from abusing benefits, the same thing that the government did in the 1800s when welfare was introduced. The changes proposed are likely to separate the seriously disabled or those suffering from terminal conditions such as dropcer, who are unlikely ever to return to work, from those claiming to be incapacitated by a bad back or depression.Peoples attitudes have changed tremendously from the 1800s to the present day. In the poor law days, going into the workhouse was shameful people d id as much as they could to prevent this, it was the lowest they could go. The workhouse conditions were terrible, starvation was oftentimes a common factor, families were separated and peoples dignity and rights werent an issue.Peoples attitudes today have changed a great deal over the years not because welfare benefits have changed, but because peoples basic human rights have become more of a factor. It is expected that people who cant feed and look after themselves or their family, can receive help from the government. This way of thinking has developed partly from the original poor law. People started thinking that they needed to help others, even if it meant paying in taxes.Today, although people arent proud of receiving benefit, it has become more acceptable it is possible for people to stay on benefits their whole lives however, it costs the government 12 billion a year to fund benefits. This extra spending has been criticised by certain groups.There a lot of differences be tween 19th and 21st century welfare benefit. Peoples attitudes today mean that it is common for people to receive benefits. They know that they can fill in a form and receive at least 55 a week, not including child allowance. Today people can live just as well as people who work, which has ca apply some protest.While it seems that in the 19th century, welfare was a last resort, they didnt want to receive help, partly because the standard of help sometimes wasnt better than being left to starve.From old maps of London, it can been seen that people used to live close to others of different classes, while today, it is more likely that people move to places that are within the same income bracket. This displays another way that attitudes have changed, that people arent willing to live near people who cannot support themselves, or they live near people of similar means.However, some similarities can be found, although it can be assumed that today attitudes have become more relaxed, today s government tries to remain vigilant as it was years ago. The government are aware of people mistreating the benefit, and so have chosen the attitude to passage of arms those who misuse it. This could include imprisonment and fines etc.People had more of a superior attitude towards people on benefits in the 1800s, it was assumed by some that these poor were too lazy to work and the same can be said for today.But the underlying principle still remains, in the 19th century and 21st, welfare benefits are aimed to help people, and although people may have different feelings about those dependant on welfare, the benefits will still remain in place.

Music History: Renaissance Era

The Renaissance was the great age of vocal polyphony, music consisting of a number of equally big junction parts all twist together to create a complex tapestry of overlapping melodies and beautiful harmonies. In religious music, the primary compositional forms were the Mass and the motet, while in secular music they were the French chanson, or song (for three or four sh ars), and the Italian madrigal. Instrumental music was non, for the most part, as declare during the Renaissance as it would later become.Instruments were used in varying combinations to attend singers (in both religious and secular music), to provide music for private entertainment and dancing, and to provide festive or ceremonial music for towns and royal courts. trader instruments of the period included the lute, organ, and harpsichord, viols, recorders shawms (double-reed precursors of the oboe), cruhorns (also double-reed instruments), trombones and trumpets (Gangwere).Among the most important composers of the Renaissance were Guillaume Dufay, of the supposed Burgundian schooling, centered at the court of the dukes of Burgundy in Dijon France and Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht, Josquin des Prez, and later, Orlando di Lasoo of the Flemish school (Pen).The MassThe unvarying structure of the mass, the constancy of the text, and the solemnity of function were not conducive to musical experimentation in mass composition. Flemish mountain still used the cantus firmus techniques of the earlier Burgundian masters. In the hands of exceptional composers such(prenominal) as Giovanni da Palestrina the mass was a highly devotional and quiet expression of the liturgy, perfectly suited to the austerity demanded by the Counter Reformation. Palestrinas flexible arched melodic lines, his studied use of consonance and dissonance, and his attractively constructed harmonic sonorities became the model for generations of counterpoint teachers (Hoffman).The MotetThe early motet (from the French word meaning word) frequently contained different texts in various languages for each voice parts. Complexities of word setting and tone painting were simply not an important aspect of the music for early motet composers. As the humanism began to exert its influence, composers grew more(prenominal) attentive to text setting. The single text was the motivating force for the motet. for each one section of music was presented as a separate musical end that attempted to highlight the clarity of the text as well as to convey the emotional impact of the linguistic process.This style of sensitive text internal representation came to be known as music reservata. Composers developed specific techniques for the musica reservata style. Second, the immanent speech rhythm was matched by melodic rhythm so that the words were correctly accented. Third, syllabic treatment of text and expressive figures were used to present the message of the text (Hoffman).The ChansonChansons were three-voice se cular works in which the music closely mirrored the meaning of the French poetic text. The text, usually an expression of love, was in rondeau form with a two-line refrain (A B a A a b A B). Although they may have been performed entirely by voices, the usual presentation probably featured a solo voice on the top (superius) line with the bottom two polyphonic lines vie by instruments (Hoffman).Other musics such as chorale, anthem, psalm settings, frottola and madrigal are legacies of Renaissance period. It was only during the Renaissance that musicians begun to recognize the idiomatic potential of instruments and therefore began composing in particular genres intended for instrumental rather than choral performance (Pen).Works CitedGangwere, Blanche. Music History During the Renaissance Period, 1520-1550 A authenticated Chronology. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004.Hoffman, Miles. The Npr Classical Music Companion An Essential Guide for instruct Listening. Houghton Mifflin Books, 2005.Pen, Ronald. Introduction to Music. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1992. 

Social Role of Women in Society

Introduction The fri give the sackly role which I ol factory sensation that I occupy and that I am going to focus on in this essay is the one of a women in this parliamentary law. I debate I claim been needionateized into this role for many reasons. Throughout this stem I will explain how I think I discombobulate been socialized into this role. Social Roles There be a variety of social roles in our high society. They have been established since the primaeval years. It is the community deep down our society that establish and portray these roles in their e veryday aliveness. Social roles are the vocalism quite a little play as members of a social root word.With each social role you adopt, your behaviour changes to fit the expectations both you and others have of that role. (McLeod, S. A. (2008). Social Roles. Retrieved from Accessed 21/10/2012 http//www. simplypsychology. org/social-roles. html I guess social roles are in place so that we as people know our plac e in society and with our roles in society come many opportunities simply carewise many rules and regulations. Whereas, other species on our land seem to be sight in their panaches and abide by them no matter what. If they sexu on the wholey transmitted disease the consequences are usu exclusivelyy very extreme.As a charwoman I odor like I have been socialised into this tradition role for numerous reasons. To be honest I think my family and where I am from has had a major impact on how I have been drawn to this role. I am from a tradition country Irish family. There is my pal and I in my family. It actually frustrates me in my life as in that location seems to be a different find out of rules and arrangements for my buddy over me. Their seems to be so many societal expectations for women. As I have immense(p) olderer things have become much clearer to me as why I have always been treated differently to my other sibling.When I was junior I thought maybe it was becau se of the four year age gap, but now I realise it is merely because I am a female and that is why some obligations are always ordered for me to do and not for my older sibling who is a male. When we occupy a reliable status in society, we have functions to serve (Donohoe and Gaynor 1999) Social Roles as Constructed non Natural I believe that my social role as a woman is socially created as it has been in place for many generations. Women since the early years have always been seen in a traditional way as been the house-wife and mother in the home.Even though I have bonnie entered into my adult years I already feel the pressures of the role which is socially constructed for me. I am worried for my ego that I will be discriminated in the workforce just because of my gender and withal the fact that I am a young woman with the potential to have kids. Even with the fact that women are now able to participate more than in the macrocosm world and get paid employment, they still face inequality in the work place ( sexuality Roles of the 21st Century. 123HelpMe. com. 3 Oct 2012) This is a major matter to of mine and it is not through and through my own fault that these restrictions may affect me it is simply due to our society. I also think my role as a woman has been socially constructed as society wants us all to be in a set manner for order in our world and so a conflict does not occur. acculturation Socialization refers to the way in which we absorb the rules of behaviour which are common in our society (Abbott 199810) Socialization sets out how we should live in accord to our society and its expectations. (McDonald, Bernadette 2006) It is also the process of development of the human being in a social context.Human behaviour is learned primarily through the process of socialisation which involves the transmission of culture by language and gesture and at the selfsame(prenominal) time through the same interaction with others we learn about our self and d evelop a sense of who we are and how to behave. Primary culture this happens in your childhood and is the most intense period of cultural learning (Giddins 200126) this is the pointedness in our lives we begin to learn the basics such as satisfying behaviour and things like our native language. My direct brokers of socialization were my parents and grandparents.Secondary socialization, this is the full point of socialization that occurs in the later stage of our lives when we are maturing in our lives. At this stage children adapt to the wider world and learn to relate to a variety of people in a variety of different ways (Bernadette McDonald, 2006. An Introduction to Sociology in Ireland, Dublin, Type IT) If we are part of a group we are influenced greatly by them such as our family, peer group and the media. Social interactions in these contexts help people learn the set, norms and beliefs which make up the patterns of their culture (Giddens 200128).I powerfully think that I learned my social role as a woman in the secondary stage of socialisation. When I was playing throw with the boys I was noticing that they treated me different just because I was a women, they would be afraid to tackle me even though I was just as unsentimental as them. This was the first stage in my life where it really hit me that as I woman I was going to be treated much different in my society in parity to my male counterparts. I have lived with my parents all of my life and they are very set in their ways. This has clearly impacted on me in my life also.It has made me see myself as different so other people, like I have a set of obligations as a women and if I do not perform them I seem to fail in my role as a women. According to Macionis and Plummer (2002) The family also confers on children on a social position, that is, parents not only bring children into the physical world, they also pace them in society in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and ramify From this I t hink what they are trying to say is that as your parents are responsible for giving you life you must abide by the values that they entrust onto you.Also another main element that I think was an agent to my socialization of a woman was my peer group and school. I went to an all girls school and we had a set way of doing rack in school and also the fact my whole peer group was girls it took me awhile to get used to been able to deal with having men within my peer group. I believe people in mixed schools have a much better chance in life as they are more aware of how to deal with the mixture of genders. I believe that society is so pissed that my role as a woman will never be abolished and we will always have set obligations in our life compared to our male counterparts.Constraining or Creative? There are many viewpoints in sociology in how we interpret social roles. Some people interpret roles and are very dominant in enforcing them and on the other hand others are more relaxed abo ut enforcing societys roles. On some occasions I challenge the social role I obtain, I try to change the way people view me through the actions I carry out. I sometimes try to be tough to others to show that I am not the typical women and that I go by my own rules. But then sometimes I end up giving up as after all normally if anyone tries to challenge society they usually fail and as a psyche I am not too fond of failing.I thought I could exercise the agency in my social role but it is not as easy I thought. Society is very tough but I hope through the power of knowledge as I grow older and further my studies I will be more confident to challenge societys values and the agencies theories that are upheld. end On a whole there are so many reasons why I think I was socialized into my role as a woman in the society. My family and peer group had a great effect on me in my life values and the set of obligation that apply to me just as I am a woman.In the primary stage of my life I was brought into a traditional family which enforced the strong old values of how women were to work in the house. Then as I matured and grew older in my secondary stage of developed I began to be unhappy with my role as I seen how different my brother was treated. I started to challenge my role a lot but got greatly dishearted as the values and set forces in societies are almost irreversible and also when you go against the values of society you usually as the old proverb goes you get burned badly.Through the study of sociology it is making me believe in myself so much more and as I deepen my studies in it I feel it is giving me more self belief and pledge to stand up and argue against the role I was socialized into as a woman. Bibliography and Referencing Page McLeod, S. A. (2008). Social Roles. Retrieved from Accessed 21/10/2012 http//www. simplypsychology. org/social-roles. html Donohoe and Gaynor 1999 Gender Roles of the 21st Century. 123HelpMe. com. 23 Oct 2012 Abbott 199810 Ber nadette McDonald, 2006. An Introduction to Sociology in Ireland, Dublin, Type IT Macionis and Plummer 2002

Women in Nation Building

Womens weakenicipation in nation-building is an important ingredient in achieving an equitable, pacifistic and more prosperous companionship. Gender loveliness and womens inclusion tend a central fibre both as a litmus test test and as an active variable regulate a more democratic, stabilized and developed society. To enhance the results of nation-building, the study suggests that nations should enthrone a salient emphasis on the broader concept of hu reality security from the earliest phase of nation-building efforts.In addition, leaders should establish governance based on principles of equity and consistent rule of law, and should include women in the earliest economic reconstruction activities. Women play a special function in the overall maturation of the country. There is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is non achievable for a bird to fly on only virtuoso wing. cleaning lady is the builder and moulder of a n ations destiny, though delicate and soft as lily, she has a heart, stronger and bolder than that of man, she is the supreme inspiration for mans onward march. Today the educated women have come off of their inferiority complex and are shouldering all kinds of responsibilities, as Managers, officers, TV and communicate news reader, pilots, Ministers, Anchors, Musicians, Clerks, Stenographers, and what not? state is a union of families and villages. Family is the basic whole of society, which is the foundation of state itself. Happy families create a healthy society and healthy society is a pre-requisite of strong semipolitical order in democratic societies. A woman is an architect of society.She establishes the institution of family life, builds the home, brings up the children and makes them estimable citizens. Her strength in totality contributes in the making of an rarefied family, ideal society and an ideal state. It has become essential for women to be politically sceptred to achieve socio-economic justice. It has rightly been said who holds the purse holds the nation. As the women are crack half of the nation, they deserve better share in political power. The male-dominated political parties and legislatures in the country do not bear with their relate tally in epresentative institutions. What we lack is political will to understand the importance of womens role in nation building and all avenues open to them to get political power. MEN Should realize the power of women,And women should also realize their power too,what they idler do for them,for their family,for their nation. They are the building blocks of nation building,In the words of Martin Luthar KIng,A mothers place is inside her home,But she should also make certain,she gets outside that home enough to swear out worth while crusades and actively mould the country her children will defy in.She therefore holds a key position and her role in shaping the fate of the nation must be recogni zed and respected. This we see that a woman occupies a vital position in family,society and it is time we treasure and respected her ability. They should not search for the role models but try themselves to be role models in politics. It would be of no use giving equal share in parental property unless the social set-up is changed. That can be changed only by sincere implementation of laws made for women.A woman is shakti, the natural energy. The most ancient scriptures say that without the female power, it is not possible for humankind to survive. The female power has been the force behind all the great leaders of the world. Therefore, they must be politically empowered. The writing is on the contend the attain that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world. OUR WOMEN have a great part to play in the progress of our country, as the mental and physical gather of women with life is much more lasting and comprehensive than that of men.For nothing was it said, The hand tha t rocks the cradle rules the world. In the apron string of women is hidden the ultra energy, which can establish paradise on this earth. Woman is the magnificent excogitation of god, a multi faceted personality with the power of benevolence, adjustability, integrity and tolerance. She is companion of man, empower with equal mental faculty, a protector and provider, the embodiment of love and affection. The role given to women in a society is a measuring rod and true index of its civilisation and cultural attainment.

Learning and Skill Essay

Tymon Muska intromission to ride training Dr Rausch Jr. 11 / 14 / 08 The Skill of hoodwink In terms of the fictitious character of aptitude, hoodwink is a continuous dexterity as opposed to a discrete or serial. Juggling is a continuous adroitness beca phthisis up it does non have a distinct start-off or end. Continuous adroitnesss concern practicing the movement nonstop and uninterrupted, unless a lump or wank is dropped. The motor control loop partnered with juggling is the closed(a) loop because feedback and the comparator atomic number 18 present.In terms of breaking ingest the scheduling for article of belief and practicing this skill, adept must understand there be several(prenominal) different components to practicing juggling. Similarly, the agendum would be jam because one must institutionalize a component for juggling and repeat this component until mastered. A blocked practicing chronicle also allows the theater being taught to build a tint for the skill, begin to get more confident in performing the skill, and around likely with block scheduling the playing area bequeath be more successful in performing the skill, over and over again.I will be using a crew of part and whole dedicate session. This is because teaching the skill in parts is easier for the learner to understand, but when it comes to showing the learner how to put all the movements in concert, that is where the whole coiffure comes into play. Using a combination of both types of practices gives the learner a relegate to understand each movement, and at the akin time get his or her rhythm down without constantly starting and stopping the motion when trying to put the skill together as a whole. Another portion on the practice expression of juggling is called massed practice.This type of practice, which I will use, is the best type of practice for a beginner. When applied to the length and distribution of practice sessions, a massed schedule will hav e fewer practice sessions than a distributed schedule, with each massed practice session requiring more and or longer practice (Richard (2007). Ill use this type of practice with my states because it allows the subject to get a good tactual sensation for the skill and build confidence. With those two things, the subject becomes more successful at the skill they are performing. When one thinks of juggling, they think of juggling with some type of ball.For a beginner, juggling with a ball can be very(prenominal) difficult. For one, they are heavier so they fall faster. Second, they are solid so they are harder to grab onto. In teaching the subjects I plan to use a simulated practice, research investigations of the effectiveness of simulators have been more common for their use as training devices to help people learn how to drive cars, and pilots to aviate planes, (Fisher, 2002), than for their use in sports contexts, (Stewart, Do home, & Null Meyer, (2002). Scarves are undef iled for a beginner to start off with because they are light and mishandle in the air longer than a ball would.This gives the subject chance to get the right form and technique down. It will also profit their success rate in completing a juggling pattern, which in turn will lead them to build a higher level of confidence when juggling. Then, one must move to the next component touch on in the skill of juggling. In other words, when beginning to learn how to juggle, one should begin without any scarves or balls. Mastering the hand movements and repeating the phrases up, up, down, down or throw, throw, catch, catch are fundamental so that the student may now incorporate the scarves.The student should practice using one scarf and proceed to using two scarves. Also included in the schedule is the art of a practice. In this case, we would use part practice. In demonstrating the skill, I will first address the class explaining the use of the scarves and the different colorise of th e scarves and the sequence in which they will be used. I will try out the toss and catch method with one black scarf. Tossing the scarf up from the dominate hand and catching it with the non- dominating hand and and so repeating the skill from non-dominant to dominant. The instant shade involves having two scarves, one in each hand. kickoff with the dominant hand, the subject will toss with the dominant, toss with the non-dominant, catch with non-dominant and then catch with the dominant. The third step in learning how to juggle would involve the third color. Starting with the two original colors used for step one, in your dominant hand and step two in your non-dominant hand. add on the third color to your dominant hand this scarf will be tossed last. In order to produce a perfect cycle of juggling the pattern goes like this, toss with the dominant, toss with the non-dominant, catch with the non- dominant, toss with the dominant and catch with the dominant hand.It is very impo rtant for the subject to keep the color and order of the scarves the same without each running. By keeping the same colors in each hand, it will give the subject a base to go by. It will help them remember which scarf to through and grab and when and perform the skill in the correct order. Using the colored scarves is a form of simulated practice. Simulated practice is a great(p) way to teach beginners a skill, but its major weakness is that it is not realistic in terms of juggling with real balls or heavier objects.For the practice consumption for juggling, we would be using the specificity of practice. The specificity of practice hypothesis has been around since the 1900s. The hypothesis explains why positive transfer occurs between two skills or skill learning situations, (Thorndike & Woodworth 1901). Part practice consists of lead different types and we would be using segmentation. Segmentation is a type of part practice in which one part of the target skill is practiced and mastered followed by the practice of a second part in which the first and second would then be put together until the entire skill is practiced.It is important to give the subject feedback on how they are doing result wise and not performance wise. The close loop dodge involves feedback, whereas an open loop system does not. In human movement, the feedback is afferent information sent by conglomerate sensory receptors to the control center. The purpose of this feedback is to update the control center nigh the correctness of the movement while it is in progress (Richard (2007). There are multiple kinds of feedback a subjects teacher could give to them aft(prenominal) watching a number of trials performed.In this case since my subject is a beginner, I will be using the Summary Feedback schedule which is when the subject has bring aboutd his or her trial or practice runs and the teacher gives them intervals of feedback. The specificity of this feedback schedule is called direc tion, which is strictly used for beginners because it is the easiest to understand and the least overwhelming. After explaining the basic three step method to the class, I will call on subject up and ask he or she to perform the skill and edge for the rest of the class.For the next step, I will split the class up into groups. to each one person in the group will have a chance to perform the skill, while being evaluated by their peers in their group. Each subject will perform the task of juggling the scarves ten times, and I will ask the people in the group to give the subject some kind of feedback whether negative or positive after any two trials. The subject juggling has a definite advantage considering he or she will be getting fifty percent feedback during their trial runs.In teaching the subjects how to juggle, my ultimate goal is for each subject to be able to complete a full cycle of juggling without a single error. Due to the time constraints in teaching this skill, the ma in instruction will be on the subjects form in performing the skill and how well he or she interprets the information and ques given to them to complete the task. Reference Page 1)- Magill, Richard (2007). Motor Learning and Control concepts and applications,8, 86. New York, NY The McGrawth-Hill Companies. 2)- Magill, Richard (2007). Motor Learning and Control concepts and applications,8, 395 396.New York, NY The McGrawth-Hill Companies. 3)- Thorndike, E. L. , & Woodworth, R. S (1901). The influence of service in one mental function upon the efficentcy of other functions. Psychology Review, 8, 247 261. 4)- Fisher, D. L. , (2002). ingestion of a fixed based driving simulator to evaluate the effects of pose and PC-based risked awareness training on drivers decisions. Human Factors, 44, 416 5)- Stewart, J, E. , Dohme, J. A. , & Nullmeryer, R. T. (2002). Motor Learning and Control concepts and applications, 8, 416. New York, NY The McGrawth-Hill Companies.

Part Four Chapter X

XAt nine oclock on the morning of the election for Barrys seat, Parminder left the Old Vicarage and walked up perform Row to the W each(prenominal)s dramaturgy. She rapped on the admittance and waited until, at last, Colin appeared. in that location were shadows around his unhealthy eyes and beneath his cheekbones his skin seemed to drive home thinned and his clothes magnanimous as well humongous. He had non yet returned to work. The news that Parminder had screamed confidential medical exam information ab kayoed Howard in public had set back his provisionary rec all overy the more robust Colin of a few nights ago, who had sat on the leather pouffe and pret endinged to be confident of victory, might neer pay off been.Is allthing all right? he asked, closing the door subjugate her, looking wary.Yes, fine, she verbalise. I thought you might like to walk follow out the church hall with me, to voting.I no, he said weakly. Im sorry.I whop how you feel, Colin, said Par minder, in a small tight voice. But if you dont vote, it federal agency theyve won. Im non going to let them win. Im going to go have on that point and vote for you, and I want you to come with me.Parminder was effectively suspended from work. The Mollisons had complained to every professional body for which they could find an address, and Dr Crawford had advised Parminder to take time sour. To her swell surprise, she felt strangely liberated.But Colin was shaking his head. She thought she saw crying in his eyes.I cant, Minda.You can she said. You can, Colin Youve got to stand up to them Think of BarryI cant Im sorry I He made a choking perturbation and burst forth into tears. Colin had cried in her surgery before now sobbed in despondency at the burden of fear he carried with him every day of his life. derive on, she said, unembarrassed, and she took his arm and steered him through to the kitchen, where she handed him kitchen roll and let him sob himself into hiccups aga in. Wheres Tessa?At work, he gasped, mopping his eyes.There was an invitation to Howard Mollisons sixty-fifth birthday party falsehood on the kitchen mesa somebody had torn it neatly in two.I got one of those, as well, said Parminder. Before I shouted at him. Listen, Colin. Voting I cant, whispered Colin. shows them they havent beaten us.But they have, said Colin.Parminder burst out laughing. After contemplating her with his mouth open for a moment, Colin started to laugh too a big, booming guffaw, like the bark of a mastiff.All right, theyve hasten us out of our jobs, said Parminder, and neither of us wants to leave the dwelling phratry that, other than that, I think were in very good phase indeed.Colin took impinge on his glasses and dabbed his wet eyes, grinning.Come on, Colin. I want to vote for you. It isnt over yet. After I blew my top, and t archaic Howard Mollison he was no bust than a junkie in front of the whole council and the local press He burst out laughin g again and she was delighted she had not perceive him laugh so a good deal since New Year, and then it had been Barry making him do it. they forgot to vote on forcing the addiction clinic out of Bellchapel. So, please. Get your coat. Well walk megabucks there together.Colins snorts and giggles died away. He stared down at the big hands fumbled over each other, as if he were washing them sweet.Colin, its not over. Youve made a difference. People dont like the Mollisons. If you get in, wed be in a much stronger position to fight. Please, Colin.All right, he said, after a few moments, painful by his own daring.It was a short walk, in the fresh clean air, each of them clutching their voter registration cards. The church hall was empty of voters obscure from themselves. Each put a thick pencil cross beside Colins pee and left with the sense that they had got away with something.Miles Mollison did not vote until midday. He pa utilize at his partners door on the way out.Im off to vote, Gav, he said.Gavin indicated the telephone touch against his ear he was on hold with bloody shames insurance company.Oh right Im off to vote, Shona, said Miles, turning to their secretary.There was no harm in reminding them twain(prenominal) that he was in need of their support. Miles jogged downstairs and proceeded to the Copper Kettle, where, during a legal brief post-coital chat, he had arranged to meet his wife so that they could go down to the church hall together.Samantha had spent the morning at kinfolk, leaving her appurtenant in charge at the shop. She knew that she could no longer put off announceing Carly that they were out of business, and that Carly was out of a job, but she could not postulate herself to do it before the weekend and the concert in London. When Miles appeared, and she saw his ruttish little grin, she experienced a rush of fury.Dad not attack? were his first words.Theyre going down after closing time, said Samantha.There were two old lad ies in the voting booths when she and Miles got there. Samantha waited, looking at the backs of their iron-gray perms, their thick coats and their thicker ankles. That was how she would look one day. The more crooked of the two old women noticed Miles as they left, beamed, and said, Ive however voted for youWell, thank you very much said Miles, delighted.Samantha entered the booth and stared down at the two names Miles Mollison and Colin Wall, the pencil, tied to the end of a piece of string, in her hand. Then she scribbled I hate bloody Pagford across the paper, folded it over, crossed to the ballot box and dropped it, unsmiling, through the slot.Thanks, love, said Miles quietly, with a pat on her back.Tessa Wall, who had never failed to vote in an election before, drive past the church hall on her way back home from school and did not stop. ruth and Simon Price spent the day public lecture more seriously than ever close the possibility of moving to Reading. Ruth threw out th eir voter registration cards while clearing the kitchen confuse for supper.Gavin had never intended to vote if Barry had been alive to stand, he might have done so, but he had no desire to help Miles accomplish some other of his lifes goals. At half-past five he packed up his briefcase, irritable and depressed, because he had finally run out of saves not to have dinner at Kays. It was particularly irksome, because there were hopeful signs that the insurance company was teddy in Marys favour, and he had very much wanted to go over and tell her so. This meant that he would have to store up the news until tomor path he did not want to waste it on the telephone.When Kay opened the door to him, she launched at once into the rapid, quick-fire talk that usually meant she was in a sorry mood.Sorry, its been a dreadful day, she said, although he had not complained, and they had barely exchanged greetings. I was late back, I meant to be further on with dinner, come through.From upsta irs came the insistent crash of drums and a loud bass line. Gavin was surprised that the neighbours were not complaining. Kay saw him glance up at the ceiling and said, Oh, germaniums furious because some boy she want back in Hackney has started going out with another girl. She seized the glass of wine she was already drinking and took a big gulp. Her conscience had hurt her when she called Marco de Luca some boy. He had virtually moved into their house in the weeks before they had left London. Kay had found him charming, considerate and helpful. She would have liked a son like Marco.Shell live, said Kay, pushing the memories away, and she returned to the potatoes she was boiling. Shes sixteen. You bounce at that age. Help yourself to wine.Gavin sat down at the table, wishing that Kay would authorize Gaia turn the music down. She had virtually to shout at him over the quiver of the bass, the rattling saucepan lids and the noisy extractor fan. He yearned again for the melancholy settle down of Marys big kitchen, for Marys gratitude, her need for him.What? he said loudly, because he could tell that Kay had just asked him something.I said, did you vote?Vote?In the council election she said.No, he replied. Couldnt manage less.He was not sure whether she had heard. She was lecture again, and only when she turned to the table with knives and forks could he hear her clearly. absolutely disgusting, actually, that the parish is colluding with Aubrey Fawley. I expect Bellchapel will be finished if Miles gets in She drained the potatoes and the splatter and crash drowned her temporarily again. if that cockamamy woman hadnt lost her temper, we might be in with a better shot. I gave her masses of stuff on the clinic and I dont think she used any of it. She just screamed at Howard Mollison that he was too fat. Talk about unprofessional Gavin had heard rumours about Dr Jawandas public outburst. He had found it lightly amusing. all this uncertaintys very damaging to t he people who work at that clinic, not to mention the clients.But Gavin could muster neither pity nor indignation all he felt was dismay at the firm grip Kay seemed to have on the intricacies and individualalities involved in this esoteric local issue. It was yet another indication of how she was driving roots deeper and deeper into Pagford. It would take a lot to switch her now.He turned his head and gazed out of the window onto the overgrown garden beyond. He had offered to help Fergus with Marys garden this weekend. With luck, he thought, Mary would invite him to hindrance for dinner again, and if she did, he would skip Howard Mollisons sixty-fifth birthday party, to which Miles seemed to think he was looking forward with excitement. wanted to conserve the Weedons, but no, Gillian says we cant cherry-pick. Would you call that cherry-picking?Sorry, what? asked Gavin.Matties back, she said, and he had to struggle to recollect that this was a colleague of hers, whose cases she h ad been covering. I wanted to keep working with the Weedons, because sometimes you do get a particular jot for a family, but Gillian wont let me. Its crazy.You must be the only person in the world who ever wanted to keep the Weedons, said Gavin. From what Ive heard, anyway.It took nearly all Kays willpower not to snap at him. She pulled the salmon fillets she had been baking out of the oven. Gaias music was so loud that she could feel it vibrating through the tray, which she slammed down on the hob.Gaia she screamed, making Gavin jump as she strode past him to the metrical unit of the stairs. GAIA Turn it down I mean it TURN IT reduceThe volume diminished by maybe a decibel. Kay marched back into the kitchen, fuming. The row with Gaia, before Gavin arrived, had been one of their worst ever. Gaia had stated her intention of telephoning her arrest and asking to move in with him.Well, good luck with that Kay had shouted.But perhaps Brendan would say yes. He had left her when Gaia was only a calendar month old. Brendan was married now, with three other children. He had a huge house and a good job. What if he said yes?Gavin was glad that he did not have to talk as they ate the thumping music fill the silence, and he could think about Mary in peace. He would tell her tomorrow that the insurance company was making conciliatory noises, and receive her gratitude and appreciation He had almost cleared his plate when he realized that Kay had not eaten a single mouthful. She was staring at him across the table, and her expression dismay him. Perhaps he had somehow revealed his inner thoughts Gaias music came to an abrupt concur overhead. The throbbing quiet was dreadful to Gavin he wished that Gaia would put something else on, quickly.You dont blush try, Kay said miserably. You dont even pretend to care, Gavin.He attempted to take the wanton way out.Kay, Ive had a long day, he said. Im sorry if Im not up to the minutiae of local politics the second I walk Im no t talking about local politics, she said. You sit there looking as if youd or else be anywhere else its its offensive. What do you want, Gavin?He saw Marys kitchen, and her sweet face.I have to beg to see you, Kay said, and when you come round here you couldnt make it clearer that you dont want to come.She wanted him to say thats not true. The last point at which a denial might have counted slunk past. They were sliding, at increasing speed, towards that crisis which Gavin both urgently desired and dreaded.Tell me what you want, she said wearily. Just tell me. two could feel the relationship crumbling to pieces beneath the weight of everything that Gavin refused to say. It was with a sense of position them both out of their misery that he reached for words that he had not intended to speak aloud, perhaps ever, but which, in some way, seemed to excuse both of them.I didnt want this to happen, Gavin said earnestly. I didnt mean it to. Kay, Im in reality sorry, but I think Im in l ove with Mary Fairbrother.He saw from her expression that she had not been prepared for this.Mary Fairbrother? she repeated.I think, he said (and there was a bittersweet pleasure in talking about it, even though he knew he was wounding her he had not been able to say it to anyone else), its been there for a long time. I never acknowledged I mean, when Barry was alive Id never have I thought he was your best friend, whispered Kay.He was.Hes only been cold a few weeksGavin did not like hearing that.Look, he said, Im seek to be honest with you. Im trying to be decent.Youre trying to be fair?He had always imagined it ending in a blaze of fury, but she simply watched him putting on his coat with tears in her eyes.Im sorry, he said, and walked out of her house for the last time.On the pavement, he experienced a rush of elation, and hurried to his car. He would be able to tell Mary about the insurance company tonight, after all.

Agenda Setting Theory. Summary

order of business Setting speculation I. The original order of business not what to think, but what to think to the highest degree. A. Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw date Watergate (American political scandal 1970s. It ended in President Nixon resigning from office) as a perfect example of the agenda- positionting function of the mass media. B. They deal that the mass media puddle the ability to transfer the boldness (importance) of items on their newsworthiness agendas to the general agenda. II. A possibility whose time had come. A. Agenda- desktop theory contrasted with the prevailing selective exposure supposal, reaffirming the precedent of the press while maintaining individual freedom.Agenda-setting theory set to prove that we taket have as much control over our beliefs as we would like to think. (selective exposure says people know what they are interested in, and what they believe/find important. They choose to expose themselves to media sources that provide th em with information that matches their interests and confirms their existing beliefs) B. The hypothesis predicts a cause-and- execution dealingship mingled with media content and voter perception, particularly a match between the medias agenda and the populars agenda later on. causal relationships are different than correlational relationships note how the findings channelise between studies). III. Media agenda and earth agenda a close match. A. In their groundbreaking field of operation, McCombs and Shaw first measured the media agenda. B. They established the position and length of myth as the primary criteria of prominence (i. e. where it was in paper front scalawag and how long of an article it was more writing equals more important (discourse makes meaning)) C. The stay stories were divided into five major issues and ranked in order of importance. D.Rankings provided by uncommitted voters (uncommitted = undecided these are people who have not make up their minds yet ) matched closely with the medias agenda. IV. What causes what? A. McCombs and Shaw believe that the hypothesized agenda-setting function of the media causes the correlation between the media and public ordering of priorities. B. However, correlation does not prove causation. 1. A real test of the agenda-setting function must show that public priorities lag arsehole the media agenda. (this would prove that one comes before an opposite and is the cause of the other) 2.McCombs and three other researchers demonstrated a time lag between media coverage and the public agenda during the 1976 presidential campaign. C. To examine whether the media agenda and the public agenda might just reflect current events (reality), Ray Funkhouser documented a website in which there was a strong relationship between media and public agendas. The twin agendas did not merely mirror reality, but Funkhouser failed to establish a chain of influence from the media to the public. (this was the Vietnam War example) D.Shanto Iyengar, Mark Peters, and Donald Kinders experimental study confirmed a cause-and-effect relationship between the medias agenda and the publics agenda. V. Who sets the agenda for the agenda setters? A. few scholars target major news editors or gatekeepers. B. Others point to politicians and their spin-doctors. C. Current thinking focuses on public relations professionals. D. Interest aggregations are becoming extremely important. VI. Who is most affected by the media agenda? A. Those susceptible have a high need for taste or index of curiosity. B.Need for orientation arises from high relevance and uncertainty. VII. Framing transferring the salience of attributes. A. Throughout the last decade, McCombs has emphasized that the media influence the way we think. B. This process is called flesh. 1. A media frame is the central organizing idea for news content that supplies a condition and suggests what the issue is through the use of selection, emphasis, exclusion , and elaboration. 2. This definition suggests that media not only set an agenda but also transfer the salience of specific attributes to issues, events, or candidates. C. There are two levels of agenda setting. . The transfer of salience of an stance object in the mass medias pictures of the world to a braggy place among the pictures in our heads. (what to think about) 2. The transfer of salience of a mess of attributes the media associate with an attitude object to the specific features of the image in our minds. (how to think about it) VIII. Not just what to think about, but how to think about it. A. Two national election studies suggest that framing works by altering pictures in the minds of people and, through the construction of an agenda with a cluster of related attributes, creating a coherent image.B. Salma Ghanems study of Texans introduce the second level of agenda setting and suggested that attribute frames have a compelling effect on the public. C. Framing is inevit able. D. McCombs and Shaw now contend that the media whitethorn not only tell us what to think about, they also may tell us who and what to think about it, and perhaps even what to do about it. IX. Beyond opinion the behavioral effect of the medias agenda. A. Some findings suggest that media priorities affect peoples behavior. B. Nowhere is the behavioral effect of the media agenda more apparent than in the business of professional sports. C.McCombs claims Agenda setting the theory can also be agenda setting the business plan. D. Will new media continue to guide focus, opinions, and behavior? 1. The government agency of agenda setting that McCombs and Shaw describe may be on the wane. 2. The media may not have as much power to transfer the salience of issues or attributes as it does now as a result of users expand content choices and control over exposure. X. Critique are the effects excessively limited, the scope too wide? A. McCombs has considered agenda setting a theory of l imited media effects. B. Framing reopens the possibility of a powerful effects model.C. Gerald Kosicki questions whether framing is relevant to agenda-setting research. 1. McCombs restricted definition of framing doesnt address the manner of emotional connotations of a media story or presentational factors. 2. Although it has a simple definition within agenda-setting theory, the popularity of framing as a construct in media studies has led to diverse and perhaps contradictory uses of the term. D. Agenda-setting research shows that print and propagate news prioritize issues. E. Agenda-setting theory reminds us that the news is stories that require interpretation.

Blood Donations

drive home you saved somebodys life lately? Did you love that you do-nothing sustain three citizenry who struggle to survive by giving an hour of your day? I wasnt aw ar of how many flock I can protagonist until t present was a root drive at my high school. The origin drive was run by the ARUP Blood Services and I in condition(p) a ton ab kayoed tireating furrow. Before you present you can confabulation to a re expressative and learn more rough donating linage. I wise(p) that the crinkle donated can be sto wild for ab go forth 28 days until it goes bad. The phlebotomist told me demarcation donations atomic number 18 given to several patients who need transfusions to live.If there ar many heap donating it can be a long process, unless its worth the wait until the end because they bequeath provide you with a manikin of snacks, treats and drinks. If you are a muscular candidate, you can donate one pint of your split that can help three different slew. A he althy donor can donate ancestry every 56 days. match the American chromatic Cross If you began donating derivation at age 17 and donated every 56 days until you reached 76, you would stick donated 48 g anyons of rip, potentially dowery save more than 1,000 lives Think well-nigh it.The complex inception internal our bodies can be used for a number of states lives you can help save them. You can be a hero sandwich to those in need by donating your livestock. We talk about donating roue, but people typically dont know the fundamentals of crinkle. Its key to understand blood and what it does. So, what is blood? Its the red liquid that oozes out when you scrape your arm or leg. Thats what we see and thats what people say. But if you take the time to study or learn about blood, youll see that there are four different components red blood cells, w chalk upe blood cells, platelets, and plasma.Each component has a different function. The red blood cells function is to carry b lood and radical O to other tissues and organs in the body. trigger-happy blood cells contain hemoglobin, a substance that is iron rich, which binds to the oxygen in your lungs and then carried by arteries. White blood cells main office is to defend your body against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Platelets help blood vessels when there is a smart. The platelets leave coagulate, or clot, around the wound and plug up the vessel so that blood does not efflux out the injury.Plasma is straw-yellow colored liquid in the blood and is composed of a variety of substances. Our plasma contains nutrients, such vitamins, proteins, amino acids, salts, sugar and more which are essential to the functioning of all bodily cells (Avraham Litin). Avraham states plasma ensures the body of prudish balance of these nutrient, (46). All these components of blood are necessary for the proper functioning of our bodies. We need each part of our blood to work properl y in order to live a healthy lifestyle.Although all blood is take form up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma, the blood of all people is not the same. Blood types were unknown until 1901, when Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovered the straw man of blood assorts. Landsteiner found three groups A, B and O that contained one (A or B) or neither (O) of cardinal antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Importantly, he found that people receiving mismatched transfusions made destructive antibodies against the blood-borne antigens that werent theirs (Shugart).Blood types and groups follow into four categories A B AB and O. Each group has different antigens and antibodies. Antigens are a substance that stimulates the antibody. Antibodies are a chemical reaction cell that will either flame an antigen or let it pass. spate who be see blood type A have A antigens and antibodies that attack B antigens, and those who have type B have B antigens and have antibodies that attack A antigens. Those who are type AB have some(prenominal) antigens and type O has no antigens. Every group is divided into twain groups, positive and negative.The factor that depends on another antigen called the rhesus. Those who have the rhesus antigen are positive and those who dont are negative (Litin, 1060-1062). Its merry for people to receive blood from the same blood type or the consequences may be fatal. So lets say you have B antigens in your blood and have no rhesus antigens, you would be considered B-. Transfusing a patient with blood, that is not the same type as that person, can be very dangerous because he or she may have antibodies that will attack and reject the foreign antigens that have entered the body.In the process, they may destroy the red blood cells in the recipients blood (Avraham, 52-54). When blood is donated, several tests are run and those testing the blood are adequate to(p) to figure out what blood type you are. Kn owing what blood group you belong in is important because the necessity for blood can start in different places of the world. According to ARUP, this table represents which blood types are able to receive blood from different groups. Blood transfusions date back to the seventeenth century. It was first practiced by two dogs. Then in 1667, french physician Jean Baptist Denis made the jump to humans.He transfused 9 ounces of sheeps blood into a teenage boy by attaching the animals carotid artery to the boys arm. The boy survived the ordeal, prompting Denis to perform the procedure on several other patients until, eventually, one died. The death triggered a backlash against blood transfusion, leading several countries to ban it, (Shugart). Then cl years later, the first transfusion between humans was recorded. James Blundell, a physiologist, took several different blood donors and mixed them together and injected the mixture into a patient suffering from internal bleeding.The patie nt felt well, but passed away(p) three days later. The cause of the delayed fatal reaction wouldnt be understood until the next century, (Shugart). Blood transfusing would remain a hit or miss until the next century when Landsteiner discovered the blood types. During the close century scientists and biotech companies have been studying ways to create artificial blood. A substance called polyheme was used as a substitute to carry oxygen cells. Unfortunately, trauma patients receiving the PolyHeme infusions turned out to be slightly more possible to die of their injuries compared with patients infused with real blood (13.2 percent versus 10 percent) (Shugart).After discovering that artificial blood did not help patients whatsoever, many companies quit researching. Not only does blood need oxygen carrying cells, it also call fors other tasks. Blood contains platelets and clotting factors that help stop internal bleeding white blood cells to fight contagious disease and electrolyt es needed for organ and muscle function. Because blood is very complex, creating artificial blood will take lots of studying and research. When it comes to blood, so far constitution knows best, (Shugart). There are many ways to donate blood.Many companies are present in every state such as the American Red Cross. Or there are private blood banks such as the ARUP Blood Services. Because the need for blood donations is always in occupy, many companies are flexible with times and scheduling appointments. The process is very simple. First things that befall when you check in are that they verify your information. Then they give you a book for you to review that have information regarding diseases and medications that can alter you blood. plot of ground you reading the book you are given a questionnaire that you must answer to help verify your eligibility to donate blood.When the questionnaire is all make and youve read the book, the cherish in charge will call you back and take y ou into a room and run a few vital signs. That person will check your blood pressure, temperature, pulse and will check your red blood count. In order for them to check your red blood count is that they cocksucker you finger with a humiliated chevy and obtain a small sample in a blood in a runty tube and run it through a centrifuge. The centrifuge separates the red blood cells from the plasma and then the nurse will measure it.Before the nurse leaves the room, she gives you two stickers, a red and putting green one. The nurse will describe that the red and green one have different purposes and that you will have to strike one confidentially. The red sticker indicates that you do not want your blood to be used. Maybe you have lied about something, felt pressured to donate blood when you didnt want too or have done something recently that may affect your blood and you didnt want anybody to know. The green sticker represents that you feel like your blood is safe and want your blo od to be used.Choosing the sticker is done confidentially and afterwards you step out of the room to find the nurse. As soon as you find the nurse, he or she will sit you down comfortably on their chairs and you will be ready to donate your blood. In the United States, an estimated 37 percent of Americans are legal to donate. However, only ten percent actually donate. What about the other 27 percent of people? Well ask yourself, Have I ever thought about donating blood? The two intimately common reasons for not donating blood are that people have never given it the thought, or they are terrified of needles (American Red Cross).Ive encountered many friends and family members who do not want to donate blood because they have a affright of needles. They say they dont want to get poked because its chafed or the might faint by the sight of a needle inside their arm. Some people think that they are not eligible when they really are. Those who have gotten a piercing or tattoo are not eligible to donate for a year because of safety precaution. Precautions such as risk with coming into contact with HIV, or AIDs restrain eligibility from the use on non-sterile needles (Moisse).Because donating blood is only done by volunteers, people may feel like theyre not obligated to donate. Its true people dont have to donate blood. Donating blood may not seem like a big deal, but it helps saves lives every day. The need for blood is always in high demand because accidents happen, and you cant always expect them. According to the American Red Cross, a single car accident victim may require as many as 100 pints of blood. Donating blood makes a difference. expect Brennah Payne, shes a 14 year old teenager who was relate in a car accident at age seven.The adventure broke her spine in one-half, fractured her face, ruptured her bowels, suffered major internal bleeding, and went through golf-club major surgeries, and 22 other medical procedures throughout the next half-dozen m onths (Shugart). Brennah Payne stated I remember tubes coming into me, but I dont really remember what was in them, now I know that the things that were in them kept me alive There were so many people helping me, and I didnt really know why. I respectable knew that I felt love from them, and it made me happy because without them I wouldnt be here today, (Shugart).Today, Brennah is a healthy teenager and a rivalrous runner on her schools cross country team. Although she has recovered from the accident that occurred half a lifetime ago, she has never forgotten how the generosity of blood donors saved her life, (Shugart). Blood donations have changes Brennahs life. You can be that person to make an impact on somebodys life. Although patients, who receive your blood, may not know who you are, they will appreciate the effort giving to donating blood. If youve ever big up wanting to be a hero to others in need, heres your chance.

AP European History

However, the Soviet union open up a scalded unionism government activity that did non adhere to the Ideologies In which fabianism was oral sign exclusivelyy created, which was to respond the masses. This form of fabianism failed in countries such as P land, Czechoslovakia. And Hungary. The sea captain intent of communism was meant to shed a fellowshipless society. However, the e Soviet communist parties did not substantially hand that. As Molotov paper bag wrote In The New Class, The exclusive, if unwritten, law that lone(prenominal) party members rouse bugger off policeman, officers, diplomats, and only they can exercise actual authority, creates a special allow group of bureaucrat TTS. The unofficial class of bureaucrats defied the true meaning of communism. communistics blueprintrs slam Ted an illusion that was named communism, but In its basis, was not communism whatsoever. Soviet communists utilise their privileges to create a class that pushed the common c it Zen further great deal and limited the progress an various(prenominal) can make. The everyday citizen was force human action to alive(p) a feeling where they vex up, work, go home, eat, and sleep. The citizens were stripped fling off t o their basic necessities that were sometimes even rejected.Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dreadful , wrote how, every(prenominal) mother in Bulgaria can acme to where communism failed, from the failure of t he planned economy. To the lack of apartments, barbarian care facilities, clothes, disposable diapers, or toilet paper. The communist did not post all the necessities for people to live comfortably. Still, kept suppressing the lower class, speckle the bureaucrats lived comfortably. collectivism m was never meant to have a society in which an individual is held back from their necessities. Yet , The Soviet communists repressed many necessities and civil rights which include freedom of s beech tree and public expression.Vocal guide, p resident of Czechoslovakia, spoke in his New Years Day steer of 199 how, Our country is not flourishing. The great productive and spiritual potential of our demesne is not existence applied meaningfully. Have perfectly understood that communism withheld a lot of their creativity by not allowing people to freely express themselves. He even mentioned how, The state, which calls itself a state of workers, is humiliating and exploiting them instead. Communist worked pee pole extremely toilsome for a low pursue producing things for there is no demand while we are in ill-judged o f things we need. Soviet communists took returns of the power they had over the citizens and utilize t hat power to spread out the gap between leading of the communist party and the people being ruled According to a Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dramatic, the banality of everyday aliveness is where it communism really failed, rather than on the level of ideology. The communist party did not provide enough service for the people which caused the people be irrelevant to communism. Without the sponsor of the people, communism was confine to fail. People are what makes the sees once of government. Without people, there would be no government.The Soviet government did not make life or the everyday citizen to feel as though they were being comprehend or included into all the e decisions that were being made by the government every day. Without a classless society, honest rulers, or support from the ruled, communism in t he Soviet Union put together itself up for failure. The citizens of the eastern European socialist states ha d no right to go through life under communist rule by the Soviets. Communism did not improve the e economy, or unite the states. Communism actually did the reversal it impoverished the countries and s operated the states.AP European HistoryHowever, the Soviet union established a scalded unionism regime that did not adhere to the Ideologies In which c ommunism was oral signally created, which was to serve the masses. This form of communism failed in countries such as P land, Czechoslovakia. And Hungary. The original intent of communism was meant to have a classless society. However, the e soviet communist parties did not actually achieve that. As Molotov Dismissal wrote In The New Class, The exclusive, if unwritten, law that only party members can become policeman, officers, diplomats, and only they can exercise actual authority, creates a special privileged group of bureaucrat TTS. The unofficial class of bureaucrats defied the true meaning of communism. Communists rulers cream Ted an illusion that was named communism, but In its basis, was not communism whatsoever. Soviet communists used their privileges to create a class that pushed the everyday cit Zen further down and limited the progress an individual can make. The everyday citizen was force deed to live a life where they wake up, work, go home, eat, and sleep. The citizens were stripped down t o their basic necessities that were sometimes even rejected.Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dreadful , wrote how, Every mother in Bulgaria can point to where communism failed, from the failure of t he planned economy. To the lack of apartments, child care facilities, clothes, disposable diapers, or toilet paper. The communist did not provide all the necessities for people to live comfortably. Still, kept suppressing the lower class, while the bureaucrats lived comfortably. Communism m was never meant to have a society in which an individual is held back from their necessities. Yet , The soviet communists repressed many necessities and civil rights which included freedom of s beech and public expression.Vocal Have, president of Czechoslovakia, spoke in his New Years Day Address of 199 how, Our country is not flourishing. The great creative and spiritual potential of our nation is not being applied meaningfully. Have perfectly understood that communism withheld a lot of their creativity by not allowing people to freely express themselves. He even mentioned how, The state, which calls itself a state of workers, is humiliating and exploiting them instead. Communist worked pee pole extremely hard for a low wage producing things for there is no demand while we are in short o f things we need. Soviet communists took advantage of the power they had over the citizens and used t hat power to enlarge the gap between leaders of the communist party and the people being ruled According to a Croatian columnist, Slovenia Dramatic, the banality of everyday life is where it communism really failed, rather than on the level of ideology. The communist party did not provide enough services for the people which caused the people be opposed to communism. Without the support of the people, communism was bound to fail. People are what makes the sees once of government. Without people, there would be no government.The Soviet government did not make life or the ev eryday citizen to feel as though they were being heard or included into all the e decisions that were being made by the government every day. Without a classless society, honest rulers, or support from the ruled, communism in t he Soviet Union set itself up for failure. The citizens of the eastern European socialist states ha d no right to go through life under communist rule by the Soviets. Communism did not improve the e economy, or unify the states. Communism actually did the opposite it impoverished the countries and s operated the states.

Enager Industries

Enager Industries, Inc. write up Consultants Report Introduction Enager Industries, Inc. was a relatively young company that consisted of three divisions with discrete services and products. At the urging of chief financial officer Henry Hubbard, Enagers president, Carl Rand entirely, had decided to begin treating apiece division as an investment center, so as to be able to relate apiece divisions kale to the assets the division used to generate it profits. digest However, several issues arose regarding this executing evaluation regularity and opposite forethought supremacy choices.First of every, profitable peeled project at Consumer Products Division, whose sire was 13% calculated from Exhibit 3, could non get approved from upper management because it could non reach the pre-determined universal target return of at to the lowest degree 15 percent, even if all the divisions had completely different line of logical argument. This could potentially discourage produ ct development managers incentive to engage in smart projects. More importantly, the company could miss out the opportunity on new products in the long-run, although it might not check a large return right away in the short-run.Secondly, the president of the company, Carl Randall, was both puzzled and foiled at the discrepancies among the performance evaluation parameters of the company in 1993. Both ROA and staring(a) return dropped from 1992, term return on sales and return on owners equity increased. There were also discrepancies across different divisions, as overlord Service easily exceeded the 12% gross return target while other two divisions, especially the Industrial Product division had a ROA that was only 6. 9%.These discrepancies could increase the difficulties for the top management to chthonianstand the performance, then hindered managers ability to make good decisions. Last besides not least, general manager of Industrial Product Division was typeset much pre ssure by Randall, the president, because the division fell behind compared to the other two in terms of ROA. The divisional general manager argued that they could suffer achieved a higher ROA if they had older assets as Consumer Products Division did, yet Randall could not understand the relevance of the argument.This is not only a communication problem, but also an evaluation problem caused by the inappropriate treatment of the assets set that is used in calculating ROA. By analyzing the management problems menti sensationd above, in lav be concluded that these problems are the consequences of several management control mistakes, including monstrous target setting, inefficient method of performance evaluation, and problematic treatment of assets care for. nobble management of Enager should not set an identical goal for all the divisions since all the divisions engaged in distinct service or production.The nature of those distinct businesses certainly required different amoun t of assets to operate, and they would face different levels of competition, and they would certainly have different profit margins. Therefore, it was unreasonable only victimisation one single target return to evaluation all the new projects from all three divisions to determine if the projects were profitable. In the suit of clothes, McNeils proposal was rejected because it did not meet the 15% target return. However, the new project did have a favorable residual income and demonstrated the a return of 13%, which cigarette increase the EPS for the company.If any benchmark were to be set to evaluate the profitability of new projects, it should be carefully engineered according to specific situation that dejection be applied to specific division, with the comparison to other competitors in the pains or to past performance. For example, Enager potentiometer establish a standard be system based on historical and external information (including financial information, market inf ormation, etc) that can allows management to create a standard profit level.A standard hailing system can further allows cost and profit variance analysis, which can be a very mighty besidesl for management control later on. There were also too many confounding factors in calculating ROA in Enagers case. Firstly, using net book value of assets (as shown in Exhibit2) in calculating the ROA would for certain put those divisions with newer assets in disadvantage. With less depreciation, divisions with newer assets will have lower ROA referable to a larger denominator of assets value. The more reasonable way in this case is to use the fair market value, which can better represent the assets value in producing profit.Secondly, it is unreasonable to allocate corporate expenses and assets to certain divisions based on divisional revenue. Since each division had different services and products, revenue could not be the basis of allocating those corporate expenses and assets that did no t bound performance of each division. These confounding factors may be able to explain those discrepancies Randall was confused about. As such, the use of ROA in this case is an ineffective method of performance evaluation. good wordBased on the previous analysis, the solution to this case is to implement a new method of performance evaluation since ROA is such an ineffective method of performance evaluation. One selection worth perusing is to use the equilibrize pla scorecard method to evaluate division performance. Instead of measuring the performance only using financial data, equilibrize Scorecard methods requires business units to be assigned goals and then measured form the perspectives of financial, customer, internal business and designing and learning.For example, Enager can evaluate the divisions based on the quality of the products, level of innovation, employees theatrical role to the whole company, etc. Balanced Scorecard can be a very critical supplement to fi nancial data because it is part of dodge planning. The Industrial Products group may no longer be under evaluated because of less-than-perfect financial data. Essentially, a Balanced Scorecard method allows the manger to gain vigor the big picture on the strategic level.A Balanced Scorecard method can also promote balances among different strategies in an reason to achieve goal congruence, thus encouraging employees to act in the organizations best interest. Profitable new projects, like the one that McNeil had proposed, would have a chance of getting approved because it would benefit the company as a whole since it could increase Enagers EPS. Another advantage of implementing Balanced Score card is that it promotes comparability among different divisions with distinct line of business. contradictory ROA, Balanced Scorecard taken in to accounts of different perspective of the business into account, since the comprehensive value of the division is reflected in the Balanced Score c ard design. By implementing Balanced Score card method, the upper management of Enager can obtain a broad-base view of the company in terms of goals and strategy. Although it requires special work for executives to choose a mix of measurement that accurately reflect the critical factors that will determine the success of the company, it is a better alternative here than ROA as a performance evaluation method.

Candide by Voltaire Essay

1) What is the relationship between Candides adventures and Panglosss teachings?In Candide, we see brave outs fill up with struggles and tragedy. Although Candide witnessed and fell victim to worldly evils of cruelty and suffering, he maintained his plausive views through with(predicate) much of the novel. Candide picked up this idea of optimism through Panglosss teachings. Although he did not see any nigh reasons to disbelieve Panglosss teachings time living in the Barons castle, once in the foreign world, Candide experiences many tragic events that make him, and the reader, question the philosophy of optimism. Candides adventures, kick take out when he is kicked out of the Barons castle, clearly represented an im blameless world, full of atrocities that contradicted Panglosss teachings.The events that break apart Panglosss teachings begin al about immediately when Candide is throw in the streets to live on his own. He runs into recruiting officers of the King of Bulgars. T hey bewilder him crispen to the health of their king, but then beat Candide severely and practice manacles on his legs. Luckily though, the king comes by and tells them to spare Candide since he is innocent. scant(p)ly after that, Candide witnesses an awful, bloody battle between two armies. This appalling spectacle heads us how hateful and violent people are in this world. Later, he rules a beggar who turns out to be Pangloss. Pangloss shares some of the horrible things he had been put through and that Candides one and only sleep together had been raped and her whole family had been murdered when the Barons castle had been taken over.Once with Pangloss, he has many new adventures. While out at sea with Pangloss and Jacques, a violent storm occurred and destroyed their ship. Many innocent passengers are killed including Jacques, who died salve a sailor. The innocent passengers deaths dis climb up Pangloss theory since it appeared the disobedient that came out of the wre ck led to nothing good for them instead, only brought them to their deaths. When the sailor, Pangloss, and Candide get into Lisbon, an earthquake destroys most of the city.A tidal wave also crushes ships in the port. In an labor to prevent another earthquake, wise custody take ridiculous actions against the slightest wrongdoing. Candide and Pangloss wipeout up getting arrested. Pangloss is hanged and Candide is beaten large(p)ly. The ridiculous actions taken place prove to be futile when another earthquake erupts the next day. All of the bad that came from the first earthquake provided no good. Pangloss had been hung for no reason and Jacques, a good man, had died from the storm out at sea. The reader is left wondering how these horrible events could result in a greater good.Candide finds that God might have spared one place on earth, El Dorado. He finds this seemingly perfect city, yet does not want to stay because is still in bask with Cunegonde. The king gives him and Ca cambo a few sheep and some gold. This portion of the story brings a little light, yet the whole world cannot be like El Dorado, and people who do live in perfect worlds cannot even measure it because they have nothing to compare the high points against. Since disembodied spirit is always perfect, they live in lethargic boredom and cannot truly appreciate how well off they truly are. We also see times of happiness and good mint that restore Candides faith in optimism throughout the book. Such periods take when we find Pangloss survived, and the points in the book when Candide and Cunegonde get to be together, even for short amounts of time.Towards the end of the story, Candide begins to question Pangloss philosophy more and more. Although we find events that support optimism, we find more counterexamples. Although Pangloss and the Barons son are found alive, they tell Candide their escapes from death, and the tortures they had been put through afterwards. Soon after they free Pan gloss and the Barons son from slavery, the men go and find Cunegonde, the woman Candide had been searching to live with and love for his correct life. When they do find her, she is extremely ugly and Candide no longer wants to unite her. Although he is no longer attracted to her, he is a man of his articulate and feels he must do his duty to take care of her and love her. Now, he is stuck with a woman he no longer lusts over. Candide has at long last found what he had been sacrificing for all of his life to find, yet is not quenched with what he has acquired for his hard work.Throughout the entire story of Candide, we are bombarded with fearsome events that happened to an individual to disprove Panglosss teachings. Candides adventures encountered such atrocities as murder, rape, slavery, and prostitution. The bad events that occur in Candide, help show that the world is not perfect, and that not everything happens for the greater good in the end. Candides adventures, great in number, show us how bad others lives turned out as well as their friends and families lives were hurt as well, such as the old woman. In the end, Candide last realizes that optimism is not a flawless philosophy, and that the idea of working hard and enjoying life is better than waiting around for the good you think will happen. Candides adventures helped to contradict optimism and ultimately changed Candides beliefs from optimism to a realization of reality. Candide begins to live a simple life, working hard to avoid boredom, vice, and poverty.